DNA Evidence and Forensic Science 在线下载 pdf mobi 2025 epub 电子版

暂无相关简介，正在全力查找中！

暂无相关目录，正在全力查找中！

暂无相关内容，正在全力查找中

暂无出版社相关信息，正在全力查找中！

暂无相关书籍摘录，正在全力查找中！

在线阅读地址：DNA Evidence and Forensic Science在线阅读

在线听书地址：DNA Evidence and Forensic Science在线收听

在线购买地址：DNA Evidence and Forensic Science在线购买

暂无原文赏析，正在全力查找中！

暂无其它内容！

• 作者：小张 发布时间：2019-11-29 11:21:14

  内文的配色真是太漂亮了，而且折纸步骤也很简单，对于3岁的孩子很友好，比较好上手。还是中英双语的，游戏中也能增加孩子的英语词汇量，这本书主题是马戏团，做好模型之后和孩子上演了一场马戏团的故事，孩子非常兴奋，小脑瓜里想法太逗了，对语言表达能力有很高的提升，最后我们根据教程，利用镂空的模具做一个非常哟个性的小丑，能看出孩子在这套书里获得了满满的成就感。

• 作者：阿普 发布时间：2023-09-17 21:33:10

  这版咋连封面都没有，译本挺好滴，支持一下。纸有点薄。买后发现手上的战争与和平也是这个出版社出的，真巧啊。

• 作者：沙皮 发布时间：2016-12-19 08:58:19

  关于世界货币体系的一本回忆录，了解了各国货币之前的汇率究竟是基于什么进行调整的。归根结底，汇率就是看谁拳头硬，美国这个大流氓头子，只要自己欠的钱多了，就要求别人升值、自己贬值，从而让自己还的钱越来越少。升值还是去死，美国人给你这两条路。我很为我兔不断贬值的行为感到担心啊。

• 作者：tankry 发布时间：2020-01-06 22:13:28

  #微博文学

• 作者：Steve 发布时间：2010-08-28 10:37:49

  很好，很实用，很强大

• 作者：Fanchen 发布时间：2011-11-15 13:08:06

  A very brief introduction to the five important sections in forensic science: Anthropometry, Fingerprint, Polygraph, Ballistic fingerprinting, and DNA typing. At the end of the book, almost exhaustive reading list is available for each technique, as well as law documents. This is a good reference book!

• 中美建交的纪实著作

  作者：西贝风度 发布时间：2022-02-17 15:24:25

  《改变世界的一周》是加拿大知名历史学家麦克米兰关于中美建交的重要著作。作者以大量解密档案、当事人口述资料剪辑这段历史，翔实记录了不同寻常的1972年，追溯了中美开启关系新篇章的关键时刻。

  该书深入刻画了毛泽东、尼克松、周恩来、基辛格等关键角色的性格，仔细还原了中美双方讨价还价的过程，立体呈现了中美关系破冰始末。

  书中摘录了多名当事人回忆录，许多句子直接引用原著，因此更具说服力。阅读本书就像是欣赏一部历史纪录片，人物形象栩栩如生，故事情节跌宕起伏，各种关系微妙复杂，在给予读者视觉享受的同时，也提供了充足的思考空间。

  作为中美建交的执行人和斡旋者，基辛格的功劳是巨大的。但他的缺点也是显而易见的：对同僚拐弯抹角，对下属盛气凌人，容易情绪爆发，动辄挂冠威胁。白宫幕僚长霍尔德曼曾对尼克松说，我们必须接受基辛格这个缺憾，这是换取他巨大长处所付出的代价。

  在美国精英集团中，最先认识到中国巨大价值，主动寻求与中国恢复关系的是尼克松。其看问题的全球视角，历史思维令人敬佩。但他矛盾的性格也令人印象深刻：孤独，饱受煎熬，缺乏安全感。经常用饮酒来舒缓压力，性格扑朔迷离。

  世界潮流浩荡向前，中美开启新关系符合历史潮流。中国因与美国建交而受益，开启发展新篇章。美国在世界上的整体地位，因为与中国的新关系而得到加强。中美两国关系稳定、健康向前发展，开启了世界和平、繁荣与进步的新局面。

• DNA Evidence and Forensic Science reading notes

  作者：Fanchen 发布时间：2011-11-15 13:08:44

          ✓

  Anthropometry

          ✓

  ✓

  p5: Anthropometry. Developed by Alphonse Bertillon (a French criminologist) in the late 1870s, this method, though largely replaced by fingerprint analysis now, is still widely used in anthropology to determine the identity of human remains.

          ✓

  p6: Bertillonage = Bertillon's system of using precise terminology to determine a human body's characters. He went as meticulously as possible in measuring human bodies, such as characterizing a person's ear into more than 50 categories or designing extremely sophisticated and well-controlled methods to measure the length of a foot.

          ✓

  p8: Bertillonage is like the taxonomy of human beings.

          ✓

  p9: The decline of Bertillonage was due to its sophistication and people from other countries being unable or unwilling to follow Bertillon's original requirements. Another reason, of course, was the rise of the much simpler analysis of fingerprints.

          ✓

  Fingerprint

          ✓

  p11: I don't know of how the ancient Chinese interpreted the fingerprint ink, but I kinda feel that the fingerprint mark is more of an authorization that the person to which the mark belongs agree with whatever the document states. The fingerprint mark is a signature. And since signature can be forged, so can fingerprint mark. My point here is the use of fingerprint to distinguish people developed in China is not for IDENTIFYING individuals but for AUTHORIZATION. Thus, the Chinese actually have never figured out how to compare fingerprints and determine whether they are identical or not, despite the fact that they might have noticed the potential application of fingerprints long time ago.

          ✓

  Sir William Herschel, by mid-19th century, developed the modern use of fingerprints in criminology during his work in India. Dr Henry Faulds pushed the study even further around the same time in Japan and published a paper (the first scientific paper in the use of fingerprints for identification purposes) in Nature. Yet, the later drama between the two for who discovered the value of fingerprints was kind of hilarious. Francis Galton wrote the first classics in the field: Finger Prints, in 1892 (however, this man did so for eugenic purpose).

          ✓

  The fingerprint system for English-speaking countries (developed by Sir Edward Henry) is slightly different from that for Spanish-speaking countries (developed by Juan Vucetich)

          ✓

  p16: Two basic assumptions of fingerprint: 1. Fingerprint develops before a person is born, lasts forever, and is almost impossible to alter using any means; 2. each individual has a unique fingerprint pattern.

          ✓

  p19: Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals (what constitutes scientific evidence? What kind of science is admissible?)

          ✓

  p20: United States v. Bryon Mitchell (first challenge to the admissibility of fingerprint evidence)

          ✓

  p21: Though there are still controversies surrounding the validity of traditional fingerprint analysis and the new-comer, namely the DNA fingerprinting, has become highly accurate, it is still one of the most convenient method in terms of individual identification.

          ✓

  Ballistic Fingerprint

          ✓

  p27: Indeed, the problem with the size of the database is a huge concern for ballistic fingerprinting. Perhaps what is needed is to digitalize the information contained in the markings of the bullet and the rifling of the gun that fires the bullet. If computerized, to set up a library for all the ballistic weapons currently available through legal means in the US is not impossible. I think people should try to further the issue this way, just as the digitalization of real fingerprints. And at the meantime, it might be a good idea to suspend the traditional stockpile of weapons.

          ✓

  Polygraph (lie detection)

          ✓

  p28: The hot iron-bar test of lying is totally absurd, whereas the dry rice (or bread, or cheese) chewing test does have a tiny little sanity in it, since people tend to secrete less saliva when they are until strong emotional response, such as lying in this particular case.

          ✓

  p29: Later during the Renaissance was pulse rate recognized as a good way to detect subterfuge. Yet, full application of this method was not possible until the techniques for measuring pulse rate and respiration were available in the 19th century.

          ✓

  p31: The four elements in modern polygraph: blood pressure, pulse rate, respiration, and galvanic skin response (GSR: the change of skin electrical conductivity).

          ✓

  p32: It is worth pointing out over and over again that a polygraph is not necessarily a lie-detecting machine, yet it is only a piece of equipment that detects multiple physiological changes of human body when the person is subject to different emotional state, such as lying. However, the emotional state could also include nervousness, fright, etc.

          ✓

  p35: The Daubert case and the Frye case are again mentioned here.

          ✓

  p35: Refer to the Scheffer case to know that polygraph is still not accepted in American jurisdiction.

          ✓

  p37: The scientific validity of polygraph (and also the underlying hypothesis that lying can be correlated with measurable physiological responses) is not strong. Besides, two official reports suggested that the accuracy of detecting lies with polygraph was far from perfection. Yet, it is still the best method currently available in lie-detecting business.

          ✓

  p39: The EPPA regulation prohibits many fields of employment from using polygraph before employment. Yet, many federal- or legal-related departments are exempted from the regulation, and the use of polygraph pre-employment, its inaccuracy and lack of scientific support notwithstanding, is widespread. In fact, I feel that polygraph has somehow transcended its role as a simple machine of measurement, but become a symbol of authority that forces the truth out of some people. Just as stated in the book, many a time people's belief in the power of polygraph makes them reveal the truth before the test is even applied. In this sense, the continuation of polygraph test might not be a bad idea at all. The technique is indeed too weak to be accepted as legal evidence, yet it might help investigators or employers to find clues and inspirations that are otherwise unattainable.

          ✓

  DNA Typing

          ✓

  p40: British geneticist Alec Jeffreys discovered the application of DNA typing in forensic use.

          ✓

  p43: The Andrew's case in 1987 (Tommy Lee Andrews was convicted a rape crime and the verdict was upheld in higher district court of appeals thanks to DNA evidence) is the first one in the US that depends on DNA evidence.

          ✓

  p44: People vs. Castro, the one very important case in DNA typing. It reveals that 1. DNA typing is scientifically sound; and 2. the biggest problem of such evidence arises from mistreatment of the DNA sample and human error in analysis.

          ✓

  p48: Here comes the social-political problem concerning DNA database: should we obtain the DNA information from "the entire criminal population" even if the individuals are not subject to any prosecution? The question could be modified into: does the government have such right as to obtain our very private DNA information by claiming that this could facilitate the search of justice? Would this eventually lead to a totalitarianism, that the government knows not only who we are but wherever we go and whatever we do? In fact, a more practical problem at that time was there were simply too many DNA samples to be typed or to be acquired from criminals. It is good practice that the expansion of DNA database was not approved back in the 90s, yet perhaps such idea would come out again in the future, considering the fact that we have already entered the fourth generation of DNA sequencer.

          ✓

  p49: The first case in US that a wrongly convicted person was exonerated due to DNA evidence: the release of Gary Dotson in 1989.

          ✓

  p56: The difference between the Frye standard and the Rule 702 is that the former requires scientific evidence to be firstly "generally accepted" within the field, while the latter only requires it to be scientifically sound even if the science of the evidence has not been largely accepted by the scientific community. This change is quite important, because it allows the use of new techniques in providing evidence, which might give rise to advancement in forensic science.

          ✓

  p102: Locard's Exchange Principle. The principle states that a criminal will ALWAYS leave some traces behind him, either his fingerprints, footprints, hair, fiber, or something else.

          ✓

  p131: Book, article, report, website list concerning general information of forensic science.

          ✓

  p169: Book, article, report, website list concerning DNA Typing.

          ✓

  p226: A clear replay of the Daubert case judgement. The key difference between the Daubert and the Fyre cases is that the latter requires "general acceptance" of the specific expert evidence, while the former requires close examination of the principles and methods which construct or produce such evidence. In fact, general acceptance is also needed in the Daubert rule, yet it is for the methods not the evidence itself. The logic behind the Daubert rule is that, as long as the principles and methods are scientifically sound, peer reviewed, generally accepted, and the error rates of which available, the conclusions generated by them can be admissible as good evidence. This essentially allows new techniques to be used in court, without fearing that its novelty would prevent its potential capabilities in clarifying doubts.