城市最低生活保障与分配公平 在线下载 pdf mobi 2025 epub 电子版

以*低生活保障制度为核心的社会救助制度是中国民生保障体系的重要组成部分，也是社会公平建设的制度基础。本书围绕城市低保的减贫和促进公平分配的目标，从宏观层面对城市低保的制度框架和制度运行进行总体分析，深入微观层面识别和测度该项制度的多重效应，基于制度评价、制度比较和发展环境研判的结果，为中国城市低保制度的未来发展提供思路和政策建议。 本书的研究结果表明，城市低保制度的发展是与中国经济社会转型不断适应的过程。城市低保制度托住了民生底线，推进了分配公平，是维护中国经济社会稳定和社会公平正义的重要基石。

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书籍介绍

以*低生活保障制度为核心的社会救助制度是中国民生保障体系的重要组成部分，也是社会公平建设的制度基础。本书围绕城市低保的减贫和促进公平分配的目标，从宏观层面对城市低保的制度框架和制度运行进行总体分析，深入微观层面识别和测度该项制度的多重效应，基于制度评价、制度比较和发展环境研判的结果，为中国城市低保制度的未来发展提供思路和政策建议。 本书的研究结果表明，城市低保制度的发展是与中国经济社会转型不断适应的过程。城市低保制度托住了民生底线，推进了分配公平，是维护中国经济社会稳定和社会公平正义的重要基石。

• 作者：momo 发布时间：2017-05-12 09:01:47

  梁启超先生可以说非常厉害了，看了一些关于他的书来了解他的新闻思想，为近代报刊的发展做出了很大的贡献，虽然仍有当时的局限性，但依然值得敬佩

• 作者：干脆面 发布时间：2022-02-27 18:09:10

  站位很高

• 作者：佐治淮海居士 发布时间：2021-11-21 19:26:36

  大16开本，裸脊背装帧，全彩印刷，质量对得起广西师大，只是很可惜没想到我们故宫里面宋瓷和宋画如此之少。除了定窑孩枕就直接到明永乐了。宋画也太少，只有清明上河图。好货都在海外和台北故宫。有点小感慨和唏嘘。

• 作者：卧听南窗雨 发布时间：2022-08-12 20:24:15

  家长和朋友要学会循循善诱地教育女孩接纳自己的平凡与不完美，肯定女孩独一无二的存在与价值，帮助女孩成为独一无二的自己，感受美好。

• 作者：缁衣 发布时间：2015-05-31 22:33:15

  。。。。。

• 作者：秋释千 发布时间：2018-12-18 11:05:09

  还是比较系统的

• set human nature free

  作者：粉核桃 发布时间：2011-08-17 22:45:39

  The Scarlet Letter is the masterpiece of the well known romantic novelist, Nathaniel Hawthorne. In this book, by describing the tragic loving story between Hester Prynne and Mr.Dimmesdale the writer tried to dig out the human nature in American Puritan society in the 17th century when people were required to behave like God in every aspect of their life. Thus, characters in The Scarlet Letter are all “type” characters, rather than realistically presented human, which are created to reflect different sides of human nature. Among them, the characteristics of the heroine Hester and the hero Mr.Dimmesdale are most impressing and convincing.

  What is human nature? It is said that human is a combination of God and devil, which means that goodness and self-discipline are forever co-existing with evil and self-indulgence deep in human’s soul. If one side of the human nature is unduly suppressed by society, the other side lurking in one’s heart will gather its power, waiting for a chance to break loose. In the book The Scarlet Letter, every person led a kind of solemn and saintly life as the puritan society and religion required. However, no matter how hard they tried to control themselves, their “sin” could still slip away. If they could accept their whole nature and set it free, they could gain a better understanding of the true meaning of life and survive. If they failed, they would be tortured severely even to death. Hester Prynne and her lover Mr.Dimmesdale respectively represented these two types of people. They yield to their desires and committed the adultery which was considered sinful at that time together, but later had different attitudes toward this event and led their life totally differently.

  The heroine, Hester Prynne, had paid a lot for the adultery because what she had done was openly acknowledged by the public who held the idea firmly that adultery was forbidden by God. She was sent to prison after she got pregnant, and was punished to wear the scarlet letter “A” on the breast of her gown. She had to live lonely with her daughter for seven years in the countryside and suffer the contempt and condemnation of people in the town. However, Hester knew that her passions, and her love, were stronger than her respect for the moral code. As she says in Chapter 17, “What we did had a consecration of its own. We felt it so! We said so to each other!” so although she did fully acknowledge her guilt, she just boldly displayed it to the world. She was trying to hide nothing, for she embroidered the letter “A” elaborately with “fantastic flourishes of gold thread” and wore it long after she could remove it. She had her own dignity, though people in the town looked down upon her, even on the scaffold when she was faced with the humiliation: “she was lady-like, too, after the manner of the feminine gentility of these days; characterized by a certain state and dignity, rather than by the delicate evanescent, and indescribable grace, which is now recognized as its indication.” It is her pride and dignity which sustained her, from that opening scene until she died, still wearing the scarlet A.

  Hester Prynne showed her true feelings to everyone in the town. To Mr.Dimmesdale, she poured her unstinting love and passion. In order to protect her lover, she would rather bear the punishment of wearing the scarlet letter and raise little Pearl on her own than disclose the name of Mr.Dimmesdale to the public. Due to her strong love she chose to stay in the town where Mr.Dimmesdale stayed, and even after he died, she still decided to return to the cottage she had lived and took up her shame—the scarlet letter again, giving up the well-off life with pearl in other place in the purpose of accompanying her lover forever. To her daughter, Hester showed not only maternal love but her respect. She always dressed the girl in bright colors, as is described in chapter5: “the children’s attire, on the other hand, was distinguished by a fanciful, or, we might rather say, a fantastic ingenuity”. Besides, unlike other mothers in those days who nurtured their children by means of physical compulsion or restraint, Hester just stood aside and permitted pearl to be swayed by her own impulse. To Mr.Chillingworth, she showed her betrayal and resistance. Having married the old physician without love, she had no regret to give up her loyalty to her husband and commit the adultery. Her resistance is clearly illustrated in her conversation with Roger Chillingworth. Faced with his threat, she tried hard to defend for Mr.Dimmesdale and strongly condemned his revenge. “There is no good for him—no good for me—no good for thee! There is no good for little Pearl! There is no path to guide us out of this dismal maze.” She clearly pointed out what would become of if he continued the revenge. To Governor Bellingham, she showed her defiance. When she heard that the governor and some leading inhabitants had designed to deprive her of her child and to make Pearl really capable of moral and religious growth, she came to the magistrate’s house and urged to teach her child herself. “See ye not, she is the scarlet letter, only capable of being loved, and so with a millionfold the power of retribution for my sin? Ye shall not take her! I will die first!” Thanks to her firm determination, she got Pearl back at last. To other people in the town, she gave her generosity and kindness. In the Chapter13 the writer writes: “Hester’s nature showed itself warm and rich; a well-spring of human tenderness, unfailing to every real demand, and in exhaustible by the largest.” Because of her helpfulness, many people refused to interpret the scarlet letter A by its original signification and instead, they regarded it as a symbol of ability and angel.

  There was no doubt that Hester had the “evil” side in her nature at least according to the moral standard of that society. She got married precipitately with a man she didn’t love, and then broke the rule by committed adultery with a preacher because she her desire for love. Yet when her sin was disclosed she didn’t make an attempt to deny it or to escape her punishment. Instead, she learned from her sin, and grew stronger by accepting her punishment. With seven years’ loneliness and suffering, her life had turned from passion to thought. She formed an ambiguous idea of feminism gradually and began to think about the defects of the whole system of society, and it was according to her instinctive principles that she decided she, Dimmesdale, and Pearl should flee to Europe.

  In a society cherishing the rigid order of principles in religion, Hester was special not only because she wore the scarlet A but also because she accepted her hidden nature and showed her true self to everyone. By setting her soul free she learned about the essence of society and developed an understanding of a sort of “natural law”. Although it was impossible to realize her dream, she had finally won the respect of people in the town. Her tragedy was caused by society and weakness of her lover, and she had saved herself.

  Compared with Hester Prynne who had courage to admit her sin and bear her suffering, Arthur Dimmesdale seemed much weaker to face his whole nature. The two sides of his nature could not stop conflicting against each other until he was tortured to death.

  Reverend Dimmesdale was perfect and likely to become the most popular pastor in the town in public and in everyone’s heart. Coming from one of the great English universities, he appeared to be talented and knowledgeable with an air of gentility and solemnity. People fancied him the mouth piece of Heaven’s massages of wisdom, and rebuke, and love. Although he was educated to be devoted to his religion and required to behave like God, he was still a man with flesh and blood, and could not resist the temptation of natural human desire. Finally, he violated his belief and the rules of his religion. During those seven years when Hester was suffering the humiliation brought by the scarlet letter, he was still worshiped by others. However, the more respect he received, the more painful he felt, just as Hawthorne wrote: “It is inconceivable, the agony with which this public veneration tortured him!” It was his genuine impulse to adore the truth, and to reckon all things shadow-like, and utterly devoid of weight or value, that didn’t have its divine essence as life within their life, but having committed the adultery he thought he was guilty and sinful. Many times he wanted to speak his sin out, but he dared not because the nearly hysterical fear he felt when he imagined his congregation seeing him on the scaffold was a remainder that he had not only himself but also his flock to consider. His public disgrace could harden his followers, or even lead them to astray. So he strove to put a cheat upon himself, but gained only another sin, and a self-acknowledged shame without the momentary relief of being self-deceived. He loved the truth and loathed the lie, but because of his fear he had to lie. In such a dilemma he could only hate his miserable self and make himself stuck in the anguish of his soul.

  Since Hester was forced to wear the scarlet letter, the same letter had also been graved in his heart. It was sure that Dimmesdale loved Hester, but his education and religion told him that this kind of love was guilty. That’s the reason why he was so afraid to speak out his love and admit what he had done. As love and desire was true nature owned by every one, no matter how hard he tried to restrain he still longed for them. In the daytime he went to the pulpit and delivered God’s message to people who admired him, while at night he wandered on the scaffold or in the dark forest, confessing his love to Hester and his daughter Pearl. Seeing Hester suffer alone for the sin which he committed with her, he felt sorry and tried best to help her, while in the public he had to pretend to be as indifferent as others to the miserable mother and daughter. Struggling between natural human love and his mission as a clergyman, his sense of guilt and pain was increased.

  Suffering from body disease, and gnawed and tortured by some black trouble of the soul, Dimmesdale did make efforts to purify himself or to relief himself. According to what he said to Chillingworth “It’s much better for suffer to be free to show his pain, as this poor woman Hester is, than cover it all up in his heart”, he would like to lead a life like Hester’s. And during seven years’ physical and psychological torture, his acute awareness of the dichotomy between his public image and his private self led him to new levels of insight, enabling his preaching to become even more powerful and persuasive. He understood that the worst consequence of sin is separation from one’s fellow man rather than separation from God. However, though Dimmesdale saw the dangers of formulaic reductions in society and distortions of reality, he does little to overturn them, because he was too weak and coward to rebel his religion and totally be himself as a human being. Finally, he chose death as the ending of the struggle between the two sides of himself, confession what he thought was sinful and resisting to face the consequence.

  The difference between the heroine and hero in this novel was that Hester could literally wear her pain on her chest, while Dimmesdale’s pain remained locked inside his body; Hester felt shame because of the community’s disapproval of her, while Dimmesdale suffered from guilt, which was the product of an internalized self-disapproval and thus was more toxic. Both of them had learnt something from their respective suffering of the adultery, Dimmesdale never fully recognized the truth of what Hester had learned: individuality and strength are gained by quiet self-assertion and by a reconfiguration, not a rejection of one’s assigned identity; Hester erased her guilt by showing her whole self to the world, while Dimmesdale could only die with the scarlet letter in his breast because of his self-denial.

  In that puritan society which emphasized goodness while denied people’s desire as was described in this novel, the tragedy of the love between Hester and Dimmesdale was inevitable. Influenced by religion and education, there must be much more Dimmesdales than Hesters. People who are not able to admit the whole themselves and set their souls free can never get happiness they want. This is the reason why the world in The Scarlet Letter is always dim and gloomy. Through the tragedy and the dark world Hawthorne has indirectly but clearly expressed his heart-felt wishes— to break away from the manacle of religion and chain of rigid principles and set human nature free!

• 一罐沙拉 一份甜蜜

  作者：喵发财咪 发布时间：2016-12-19 11:49:27

  相信每个家庭主妇的厨房里都会有一些大大小小的玻璃罐子，里面的罐头、辣酱、布丁吃光了，但因为外表很漂亮，舍不得扔，就把它们留在橱柜里。丢掉又很可惜，一时也想不出做什么用。有时候我会自己做些果酱——山楂酱、苹果酱、杏子酱，在周末的下午，把装进果酱的瓶子装饰一番，放在冰箱里，心情也是超好的。

  

  当我看到《玻璃罐沙拉》这本书，心中暗喜：这下子，橱柜里那些玻璃瓶子又有了新的用场了！

  《玻璃罐沙拉》详细介绍了几十种美味、时尚的沙拉的选材和做法。特别之处在于，这些沙拉装于晶莹透亮的瓶罐之中，给人新奇、轻松、美味的感觉。非常难得的是，看似高端时尚的罐沙拉，做起来却并不需要特别花钱买罐子，利用家中不用的玻璃罐就能制作出美味、时尚的罐沙拉！而在制作的过程中，不同的选材还可以变化出堆叠食材的乐趣。

  

  今天，沙拉越来越受年轻人和上班族的青睐。对于在办公室中久坐少动的人、健身爱好者和健康饮食推崇者来说，新鲜、低卡路里、营养丰富的沙拉代餐已经成为现代生活方式的一种。沙拉仅仅是蔬菜、水果和沙拉酱的简单组合吗？NO！现在的沙拉中，有新鲜、富含维生素的蔬菜，大量谷物和豆类，并混合了各种坚果、种子以及肉类、奶酪等等，堪称豪华的沙拉大餐。花样繁多的沙拉提供了层出不穷的口感和风味，完全适合于任意场合、任何季节。

  

  沙拉的另一个好处是容易准备，几乎不需花费什么时间，一道营养美味的沙拉就做成了——当生活节奏越来越快，我们对食物的关注越来越少时，别忘了，一盘沙拉也可以是一顿只属于你自己、健康美味的盛宴！

  

  当你在缱绻慵懒的清晨，或者阳光充沛的午后做完一份玻璃罐沙拉，看着罐子中五彩缤纷的食物——艳丽的西红柿、鲜翠欲滴的青豆、青椒，还有健康饮食偶像一般存在的玉米粒……一瓶瓶一罐罐整齐的摆放在铺着美式田园的餐桌背景之上，那份惬意和满足，想必无论何事都不能代替的吧。