CULTURES OF THE JEWS(ISBN=9780805241310) 英文原版 在线下载 pdf mobi 2025 epub 电子版

　　WITH MORE THAN 100 BLACK-AND-WHITE ILLUSTRATIONS

THROUGHOUT

Who are “the Jews”? Scattered over much of the world throughout

most of their three-thousand-year-old history, are they one people

or many? How do they resemble and how do they differ from Jews in

other places and times? What have their relationships been to the

cultures of their neighbors?

To address these and similar questions, twenty-three of the

finest scholars of our day—archaeologists, cultural historians,

literary critics, art historians , folklorists, and historians of

relation, all affiliated with major academic institutions in the

United States, Israel, and France—have contributed their insight to

Cultures of the Jews. The premise of their endeavor is that

although Jews have always had their own autonomous traditions,

Jewish identity cannot be considered immutable, the fixed product

of either ancient ethnic or religious origins. Rather, it has

shifted and assumed new forms in response to the cultural

environment in which the Jews have lived.

Building their essays on specific cultural artifacts—a poem, a

letter, a traveler’s account, a physical object of everyday or

ritual use—that were made in the period and locale they study, the

contributors describe the cultural interactions among different

Jews—from rabbis and scholars to non-elite groups, including

women—as well as between Jews and the surrounding non-Jewish

world.

Part One, “Mediterranean Origins,” describes the concept of the

“People” or “Nation” of Israel that emerges in the Hebrew Bible and

the culture of the Israelites in relation to that of the Canaanite

groups. It goes on to discuss Jewish cultures in the Greco-Roman

world, Palestine during the Byzantine period, Babylonia, and Arabia

during the formative years of Islam.

Part Two, “Diversities of Diaspora,” illuminates Judeo-Arabic

culture in the Golden Age of Islam, Sephardic culture as it bloomed

first if the Iberian Peninsula and later in Amsterdam, the

Jewish-Christian symbiosis in Ashkenazic Europe and in the

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the culture of the Italian Jews of

the Renaissance period, and the many strands of folklore, magic,

and material culture that run through diaspora Jewish

history.

Part Three, “Modern Encounters,” examines communities, ways of

life, and both high and fold culture in Western, Central, and

Eastern Europe, the Ladino Diaspora, North Africa and the Middle

East, Ethiopia, Zionist Palestine and the State of Israel, and,

finally, the United States.

Cultures of the Jews is a landmark, representing the fruits of

the present generation of scholars in Jewish studies and offering a

new foundation upon which all future research into Jewish history

will be based. Its unprecedented interdisciplinary approach will

resonate widely among general readers and the scholarly community,

both Jewish and non-Jewish, and it will change the terms of the

never-ending debate over what constitutes Jewish identity.

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　　David Biale is the Emanuel Ringelblum

Professor of Jewish History at the University of California, Davis.

He is the author of Gershom Scholem: Kabbalah and

Counter-History, Power and Powerlessness in Jewish History, and

Eros and the Jews. He is also the editor of

Insider/Outsider: American Jews and Multiculturalism. He

lives in Berkeley, California.

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书籍介绍

WITH MORE THAN 100 BLACK-AND-WHITE ILLUSTRATIONS THROUGHOUT

Who are “the Jews”? Scattered over much of the world throughout most of their three-thousand-year-old history, are they one people or many? How do they resemble and how do they differ from Jews in other places and times? What have their relationships been to the cultures of their neighbors?

To address these and similar questions, twenty-three of the finest scholars of our day—archaeologists, cultural historians, literary critics, art historians , folklorists, and historians of relation, all affiliated with major academic institutions in the United States, Israel, and France—have contributed their insight to Cultures of the Jews. The premise of their endeavor is that although Jews have always had their own autonomous traditions, Jewish identity cannot be considered immutable, the fixed product of either ancient ethnic or religious origins. Rather, it has shifted and assumed new forms in response to the cultural environment in which the Jews have lived.

Building their essays on specific cultural artifacts—a poem, a letter, a traveler’s account, a physical object of everyday or ritual use—that were made in the period and locale they study, the contributors describe the cultural interactions among different Jews—from rabbis and scholars to non-elite groups, including women—as well as between Jews and the surrounding non-Jewish world.

Part One, “Mediterranean Origins,” describes the concept of the “People” or “Nation” of Israel that emerges in the Hebrew Bible and the culture of the Israelites in relation to that of the Canaanite groups. It goes on to discuss Jewish cultures in the Greco-Roman world, Palestine during the Byzantine period, Babylonia, and Arabia during the formative years of Islam.

Part Two, “Diversities of Diaspora,” illuminates Judeo-Arabic culture in the Golden Age of Islam, Sephardic culture as it bloomed first if the Iberian Peninsula and later in Amsterdam, the Jewish-Christian symbiosis in Ashkenazic Europe and in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the culture of the Italian Jews of the Renaissance period, and the many strands of folklore, magic, and material culture that run through diaspora Jewish history.

Part Three, “Modern Encounters,” examines communities, ways of life, and both high and fold culture in Western, Central, and Eastern Europe, the Ladino Diaspora, North Africa and the Middle East, Ethiopia, Zionist Palestine and the State of Israel, and, finally, the United States.

Cultures of the Jews is a landmark, representing the fruits of the present generation of scholars in Jewish studies and offering a new foundation upon which all future research into Jewish history will be based. Its unprecedented interdisciplinary approach will resonate widely among general readers and the scholarly community, both Jewish and non-Jewish, and it will change the terms of the never-ending debate over what constitutes Jewish identity.

• 作者：FelixZhang 发布时间：2023-09-10 16:47:01

  柳如是奇女子也。真正的美，在骨不在皮。

  题旨与意趣深邃幽远，将家国兴亡哀痛之情感融化贯彻全篇。据说，柳如是的行为和品格完美地体现了陈寅格先生所推崇的“我民族独立之精神，自由之思想”。

  不过，这本书实在太难懂了。Mark。值得一生去研读和品味。

• 作者：一辈子率真 发布时间：2022-12-28 00:45:30

  咦，月初的时候就读完啦。还写了三千多字的读书报告。好书，解读得也详细，做了很多笔记哦，收获满满。适合静下心来好好研读。

• 作者：sayhi 发布时间：2018-12-23 20:07:53

  很好的了解一些当代建筑的入门书，大概了解到一些当代的建筑师。

• 作者：wencangmang 发布时间：2018-06-12 23:26:53

  去过一次季老师的现场分享，很接地气很实战。这本书居然除了装修，能读出一丝哲理的意味。经历过别人没有经历过的痛苦，感悟才会更深，值得好好用心体会。

• 作者：悠悠在读书 发布时间：2023-09-29 02:23:46

  如果古人也直播带货，你最想进谁的直播间？你会买什么东西？

• 作者：长征7号 发布时间：2023-12-20 23:00:33

  高全喜老师独辟蹊径，从18位百科全书式思想家的政治哲学与文明论的内容出发，有选择地讲述了西方近现代以来的政治思想、哲学观念及其对西方文明的影响，如格劳秀斯的国际法权思想为当时及之后的世界各国解决海洋争端提供了依据，黑格尔的国家主权学说从哲学家的宏观视角为人类社会的法权关系梳理出了系统的等级层次尤其是重点梳理了苏格兰启蒙运动时期几位思想家如哈奇森、休谟、亚当·斯密、弗格森关于文明社会与道德哲学的思想体系，与国家主权、海洋法权、财产权、政府论、现代政治的现代性等内容互补，是文明社会的一体两面，体现了高老师对传播现代社会思想观念的深思熟虑与良苦用心。

• 契诃夫也可以是一朵玫瑰

  作者：ly的读享生活 发布时间：2021-10-28 09:26:52

  有一些美物，在世上出现那一刻起，就注定了它与爱它的人相遇的命运。

  十七世纪的德国诗人安吉鲁斯·西莱索斯写道：“玫瑰无由开了花，因为它开了花；它就那样自身无忧，也不图被见。”这句古典的诗歌，如果用现代派的表达，就是格特鲁德·斯泰因绕口令般的魔语：“一朵玫瑰是一朵玫瑰是一朵玫瑰。”“玫瑰”是任何事物，是无限的能指，也可以是文学，用来借代某位爱玫瑰如爱自身的文学家，他就是——契诃夫。

  

  注意到这一点，以此作为钥匙的传记作者，是了解契诃夫的，且是敏锐的、聪明的，掌握了解码的合适方式的。顾春芳为契诃夫立传，书名叫《契诃夫的玫瑰》，“玫瑰”是该书的重要意象，既指代契诃夫热爱自然、贴近生活的胸怀，也指代契诃夫如同玫瑰一般芬芳而又多刺的人生。

  如果不当作家，契诃夫说自己想做园艺师。全书从契诃夫的园艺生涯落笔，从伊利亚·爱伦堡《重读契诃夫》落笔，描写契诃夫在梅利霍沃的花园、菜地劳作的场景，契诃夫亲自照料土地、购买花种，挖掘池塘，栽种草药，观察记录植物的生长与小动物的田野活动，他从园艺中汲取养分，安定心神，寻找写作的契机。

  

  春芳说契诃夫拥有一颗园丁的心，称他是“俄罗斯的园丁”。在俄罗斯文学茂密深幽的丛林里，伟大的作家们占据了各自的一席之地，如苍柏，如青松，如白桦林，如宽广的绿野。契诃夫只写中短篇小说，作品在体量上不如别的作家，可是，在他的那块园圃里，契诃夫所花的心思、所下的工夫，一点不比别人少。

  传记穿插叙说了契诃夫的文学生涯。契诃夫在草原地区度过了少年时代，《蟒蛇与家兔》《在林中》《在春天》等作品，写的都是1887年少年南行的所见所闻，这些早期作品已经具有了与万物的共情与悲悯之感，自然的美赋予了契诃夫的心灵以美感和道德的最高体验。

  顾春芳谈到了小说《在峡谷里》（1900年），母亲拥抱着无辜的、小小的尸体，此情此景，契诃夫没有描写母亲绝望的心情，而是转笔写起了四周的景物，夜莺的啼鸣，池蛙的呼喊，顾春芳说，契诃夫以天地之间的无穷生机来反衬人间的死亡和母亲的绝望。而我的感觉，想起了鲁迅先生所说的，人类的悲欢并不相通。

  

  这类评析体现了顾春芳对契诃夫的独特理解。她抛弃了文学评论的普通范畴，进入作家内心思考的最深处。学院式综合论述的形式固然有条不紊，却难以畅所欲言，如果不是为了让读的人与写的人达到默契，又何必来谈文学呢？文学的审视是有距离的，本能的靠近最能触及根本。所以，这部传记注重情景交融的心理抒写，用文学化的笔调描摹传主的心灵活动。说起《带阁楼的房子》《第六病室》《套中人》等契诃夫的作品，顾春芳要强调这些作品里的景物描写，强调它们诞生的背景，强调它们是在梅利霍沃完成的。

  契诃夫的作品，融入了他对生活、对自然的感受，对人类、对万物的关爱。顾春芳选取了《海鸥》作为论析的重点之一。《海鸥》的构思源自真实发生的事件。1892年春天，契诃夫与朋友列维坦在梅利霍沃打猎，一只受伤的丘鹬坠落在他们的脚下，大眼睛露出惊慌痛苦的表情。这只小鸟烙印在契诃夫的心里，后来化身为《海鸥》里命运多舛的女主角。契诃夫对于人类、对于自然的感情，是相通的。

  

  把《海鸥》作为重点，还有一个原因，是因为《海鸥》与契诃夫的恋情有着密切的羁绊。曾经的女友丽季雅·米奇诺娃（丽卡）是《海鸥》中陷入情感纠纷的少女妮娜的原型。契诃夫与丽卡在梅利霍沃共度了一段美好的时光，回到莫斯科后通信依然频繁，但不久之后，丽卡又与契诃夫的朋友列维坦热烈交往，以至于几个人的关系变得扑朔迷离，互相伤害。在那之后，丽卡又转向了契诃夫的另一位朋友、音乐家波塔宾科，在怀孕后被波塔宾科抛弃。契诃夫对丽卡既同情又不屑，同时为她的命运感到懊悔和自责，认为这与自己对丽卡的疏忽有关。契诃夫把这种复杂的滋味融入了创作之中，《海鸥》后来排演为戏剧，大获成功。

  也因为《海鸥》，契诃夫和女演员克尼佩尔结缘，倾心相爱，成为夫妻。克尼佩尔陪伴契诃夫度过了疾病缠身的最后岁月。契诃夫长相俊朗，文质彬彬，为女士们所喜爱追逐。传记当然会讲述传主的爱情、婚姻、家庭生活，这是构成人之为人的基本面。从少年到青年到中年，契诃夫的几段恋情，构成了他作品的人物形象。在顾春芳有意识的描述里，有时这些女士们像玫瑰，美丽但刻薄，有时契诃夫本人也像玫瑰，对那些不喜欢的或者厌倦了的女人们挥舞着冰冷的尖刺。玫瑰开了，玫瑰也会萎谢。

  

  顾春芳还用“玫瑰”指代契诃夫生命里的其他重要女性。顾春芳说，“母亲是契诃夫生命中的第一朵玫瑰”，母亲叶甫盖尼娅·雅科夫列季娜恬静可爱，温柔贤淑；妹妹玛丽雅终身未嫁，是契诃夫最亲密和信任的助手，是他“最忠实的玫瑰”；契诃夫人生最大遗憾是失去了“一朵珍贵的、尚未开放的小玫瑰”，那是他和克尼佩尔早夭的胎儿。玫瑰的意象遍布字里行间，是否每一个女人都可以是玫瑰呢？显然，顾春芳首先有了一个想法，再去寻找适合的材料，有时略微显得勉强，幸好，基本上是妥帖的、鲜活的。

  这是一部独特的文学传记，玫瑰绽放的过程正好与契诃夫的生命趋向大致吻合。在文学的花园里，我们徜徉，我们漫步，期待与美的更多相遇。

  北京青年报2021.10.22

  

• 《洛克菲勒写给儿子的38封信》阅读摘要

  作者：thinkingboy 发布时间：2022-04-06 16:09:10