Is the Welfare State Justified?福利国家是合理的吗？ 在线下载 pdf mobi 2025 epub 电子版

In this book, Daniel Shapiro argues that the dominant positions in contemporary political philosophy - egalitarianism, positive rights theory, communitarianism, and many forms of liberalism - should converge in a rejection of central welfare state institutions. He examines how major welfare institutions, such as government-financed and -administered retirement pensions, national health insurance, and programs for the needy, actually work. Comparing them to compulsory private insurance and private charities, Shapiro argues that the dominant perspectives in political philosophy mistakenly think that their principles support the welfare state. Instead, egalitarians, positive rights theorists, communitarians, and liberals have misunderstood the implications of their own principles, which in fact support more market-based or libertarian institutional conclusions than they may realize. Shapiro's book is unusual in its combination of political philosophy with social science. Its focus is not limited to any particular country; rather it examines welfare states in affluent democracies and their market alternatives.

• Argues that supporters of the welfare state should, following their own premises, actually oppose it

• Does comparative institutional analysis: compares real welfare state institutions with real market-based alternatives

• Combines focus on basic principles in political philosophy with social science analysis of institutions

Preface

1. Introduction;

　1.1　Justification in Political Philosophy

　1.2　Internal Versus External Arguments

1.3　Clarifying the Institutional Alternatives

1.4　Coming Attractions

2 Central Perspectives in Political Philosophy

2.1　Justice, Equality, and Fairness

2.2　Basic Rights, Liberty, and Well-Being

2.3　Community and Solidarity

2.4　Public Justification and Epistemic Accessibility

3 Health Insurance, Part I

3.1　The Topic's Importance

3.2　The Institutional Alternatives

3.3　Egalitarianism and NHI

3.4　Risks and Choices: Egalitarian Reasons for MHI

3.5　Rationing, Visibility, and Egalitarian Outcomes: Why Market Allocation Is Better

　3.6　Why the Priority View Agrees with the Egalitarian Support of MHI

2. Central perspectives in political philosophy;

3. Health insurance, part I;

4. Health insurance, part II;

5. Old-age or retirement pensions;

6. Welfare or means-tested benefits, part I;

7. Welfare or means-tested benefits, part II;

8. Conclusion

Select Bibliography

Index

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作者介绍：Daniel Shapiro

　　Daniel Shapiro is Associate Professor of Philosophy at West Virginia University. A specialist in political philosophy and public policy, he has published in Public Affairs Quarterly, Social Philosophy and Policy, Journal of Political Philosophy, and Law and Philosophy. In the spring of 2003, he was a Distinguished Visiting Humphrey Lecturer at the University of Waterloo.

书籍介绍

In this book, Daniel Shapiro argues that the dominant positions in contemporary political philosophy - egalitarianism, positive rights theory, communitarianism, and many forms of liberalism - should converge in a rejection of central welfare state institutions. He examines how major welfare institutions, such as government-financed and -administered retirement pensions, national health insurance, and programs for the needy, actually work. Comparing them to compulsory private insurance and private charities, Shapiro argues that the dominant perspectives in political philosophy mistakenly think that their principles support the welfare state. Instead, egalitarians, positive rights theorists, communitarians, and liberals have misunderstood the implications of their own principles, which in fact support more market-based or libertarian institutional conclusions than they may realize. Shapiro's book is unique in its combination of political philosophy with social science. Its focus is not limited to any particular country; rather it examines welfare states in affluent democracies and their market alternatives.

• 作者：觉晓 发布时间：2019-04-13 11:39:27

  共43卷173话

• 作者：书不白读 发布时间：2022-05-06 21:10:41

  方法很多，内容很干！值得一读！

• 作者： 发布时间：2022-02-04 23:57:47

  本以为是很适合小白的，看了五章后，发现根本不适合新手学习，代码示范的排版连我这个小白都能看出都不规范。var const let 混用，自己都说了避免用var，结果代码里还混在一起用？中间一章还堆积了JavaScript的基本语法和计算机网络（有凑字数之嫌）。后面大部分只是在罗列功能和原理，对新人根本不友好，既不生动也不有趣。有的知识写了一半就不说了，比如fs读取和写入明明都写了有两种，一种同步、一种异步，然而只讲了同步。不知所云。

• 作者：相期 发布时间：2019-07-08 00:13:11

  启蒙。

• 作者：我想是时候了 发布时间：2022-06-15 17:50:11

  特别好用，很适合高中的学习生活需要

• 作者：把噗 发布时间：2022-06-08 08:59:44

  new money 金钱的本质是信用。

• 看到过的最佳入门教材

  作者：婵羲 发布时间：2021-01-13 20:24:29

  真的这本书看了是能学会六爻的，不过书里没太写占卜应该如何提问，这个在我公众号里水晶球许愿池，说了占卜提问技巧

  以及这里的卦例确实很有年代感，有些指代和现在不太一样了，不过占卜逻辑讲的非常好

  天干地支是讲的足够详细了，对于新手来说占卜的话可能很难把握时间关系，需要更多的理解，和会六爻的朋友讨论了下，普遍觉得这本书真的内容已经很不错了，能看了学会的书

• 一个人的官宦生涯

  作者：吾悦听风 发布时间：2012-06-12 17:15:26

  官宦沉浮，到头来终究是竹篮打水一场空。张之洞临终时，读来令人心酸，他费劲一生心血为民为国办实事，到头来不被民理解，清末朝纲腐败，王朝飘摇欲坠，岂是他一人能改变，终其所有的努力，原来却是为他人作嫁衣。张之洞饱含委屈心酸引恨辞世，一代新人换旧人，千古功过是非，自有后人说。多少年后的今天，张之洞出现在历史书上，他兴洋务，办实事，功不可没，后人依然记得他的好，现今官场又有几个为官者能将天下社稷当己任，真心实意为百姓办实事，又有几人能像他那样为官清廉勤恳，怕是搜索枯肠也难找几人。官场始终是个逢场作戏的地方，孰能浊以静之徐清，进了这滩浑水，即使想洁身自好，也身不由己。朝廷有人好做官，张之洞的仕途还算一帆风顺，这取决于的他的洞察世事的眼力以及一帮幕友鼎力相持，在这本书里，读懂了许多官场处事的技巧，但也看清了官场上那些勾心斗角的真实嘴脸，还不如桑治平携心上人云游四海，感受人间真爱，他比起张之洞将人世看得更透彻，所以尽早觉悟，摆脱凡尘。你所设想得到的东西往往事与愿违，看透了未必好事，不看透，也未必好事，兴许每个人的追求不同罢，人生如梦。