2019年美国侵犯人权报告（汉英） 在线下载 pdf mobi 2025 epub 电子版

本书是国务院新闻办公室2020年3月13日发表的人权报告，对美国侵犯人权的状况进行揭露。报告分为序言、公民权利和政治权利有名无实、经济和社会权利缺乏基本保障、少数族裔饱受欺凌排斥、妇女面临严重歧视与暴力、弱势群体处境艰难、移民遭受非人道对待、肆意践踏他国人权，全文约2万字。

Consisting of foreword and seven chapters, it detailed facts on human rights violations in the United States relevant to civil and political rights, social and economic rights, discrimination suffered by ethnic minorities, discrimination and violence against women, living conditions of vulnerable groups, and abuses suffered by migrants, as well as US violations of human rights in other countries.

Foreword

序 言

I. Civil and Political Rights in Name Only

一、公民权利和政治权利有名无实

II. Absence of Basic Guarantee of Social and Economic Rights

二、经济和社会权利缺乏基本保障

III. Ethnic Minorities Suffer from Bullying and Exclusion

三、少数族裔饱受欺凌排斥

IV. Severe Discrimination and Violence Against Women

四、妇女面临严重歧视与暴力

V. Vulnerable Groups Living in Difficulties

五、弱势群体处境艰难

VI. Migrants Suffer Inhumane Treatment

六、移民遭受非人道对待

VII. The United States Wantonly Trampled on Human Rights in Other Countries

七、肆意践踏他国人权

国务院新闻办公室组建于1991年1月，主要职责是推动中国媒体向世界说明中国，包括介绍中国的内外方针政策、经济社会发展情况，及中国的历史和中国科技、教育、文化等发展情况。通过指导协调媒体对外报道，召开新闻发布会，提供书籍资料及影视制品等方式对外介绍中国。

State Council Information Office of the People’s Republic of China

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I. Civil and Political Rights in Name Only 

   The United States flaunts itself as “the land of freedom” and a “beacon of democracy,” which, however, is just something imaginary that fools the people and the world. The lack of restraint in the right to hold guns has led to rampant gun violence, posing a serious threat to citizens’ life and property safety. Worsening money politics distorts public opinion and makes the so-called democratic election a game for the rich. 

   Politics has led to a proliferation of guns. The manufacture, sale and use of guns in the United States is a huge industrial chain, forming a huge interest group. Interest groups such as the National Rifle Association made large political donations for presidential and congressional elections. The intertwined drawbacks of party politics, election politics and money politics make it difficult for the legislative and executive authorities to do anything about gun control, only allowing the situation to deteriorate. According to an U.S. online media report dated Dec. 11, 2019, the United States has far more guns than any other country and in 2017 the estimated number of civilian-owned firearms in the United States was 120.5 guns per 100 residents, meaning there were more firearms than people. A Nov. 20, 2019 report on the website of the Center for American Progress said that a person is killed with a gun in the United States every 15 minutes, citing figures on shooting deaths from 2008 through 2017. In total 39,052 people died from gun related violence in the United States in 2019.

   Mass shootings occurred one after another. The United States is a country with the worst gun violence in the world. Frequent mass shootings have become a defining feature of the United States. Citing figures from the Gun Violence Archive (GVA) , the online edition of The Mirror reported on Dec. 30, 2019 that the number of mass killings in the United States hit a record high of 415 in 2019, with more than one happening for every day of the year. That compares with 337 in 2018; 346 in 2017; 382 in 2016; 335 in 2015 and 269 in 2014, the first year the GVA kept records. The three worst U.S. shootings of 2019 took place in El Paso, Texas, Virginia Beach, and Dayton, Ohio, which killed 22, 12 and nine people, respectively. “This seems to be the age of mass shootings,” commented USA Today in an online report.

   Violent crimes number is alarming. The “Crime in the United States, 2018” report released by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in 2019 showed that in 2018, an estimated 1,206,836 violent crimes occurred nationwide, including 16,214 murders, 139,380 rapes, 282,061 robberies, and 807,410 aggravated assaults. The “Criminal Victimization, 2018” report released by the Bureau of Justice Statistics in 2019 showed that the number of violent-crime victims aged 12 or older in the United States was 3.3 million in 2018, rising for three consecutive years.

   People’s property safety is at risk. The “Crime in the United States, 2018” report released by the FBI showed that in 2018 there were an estimated 7,196,045 property crime offenses in the nation, with a rate of property crime estimated at 2,199.5 per 100,000 inhabitants. Property crimes in 2018 resulted in losses estimated at 16.4 billion U.S. dollars. Among the property crimes were an estimated 748,841 thefts of motor vehicles and 1,230,149 burglaries. The estimated rate of motor vehicle thefts was 229 per 100,000 inhabitants. Vehicles stolen were worth an estimated total of more than 6 billion U.S. dollars. Victims of burglary offenses suffered an estimated 3.4 billion U.S. dollars in property losses. The average dollar loss per burglary offense was 2,799 dollars. 

   Poor handling of cases by the police resulted in the loss of public confidence. Incidents reported to the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) of the FBI in 2018 involved nearly 6.6 million criminal offenses and nearly 7 million victims. The website of Pew Research Center reported on Oct. 17, 2019 that in the United States in 2018, 45.5 percent of violent crimes and 17.6 percent of property crimes were cleared, citing FBI figures. Many victims did not report a crime out of a feeling that police “would not or could not do anything to help.” In 2018, only 43 percent of violent crimes and 34 percent of property crimes tracked by the Bureau of Justice Statistics were reported to police. 

   Citizens’ personal dignity and privacy are systematically violated. According to a Dec. 6, 2019 report on the website of the Dallas Morning News, Texas is home to eight secretive surveillance centers, which, supported jointly by federal, state and local law enforcement departments, are created for the purpose of better sharing intelligence and better monitoring and analyzing social media and other online forums. A decade ago, when fusion centers were coming online, the American Civil Liberties Union issued a warning that the centers had ambiguous lines of authority and excessive secrecy. The threat, it stated, for “the creation of a total surveillance society,” is real. According to an U.S. Government Accountability Office report released on June 4, 2019, the FBI’s face recognition office can now search databases with more than 641 million photos. Half of U.S. adults -- more than 117 million people -- are in a law enforcement face recognition network, according to a Georgetown University study report, which raises serious questions about privacy and civil liberties violations, particularly for African Americans. 

   Prison management disorders resulted in frequent abuse scandals. A report carried by the website of the Department of Justice on April 3, 2019 said Alabama’s prisons for men fail to protect prisoners from prisoner-on-prisoner violence and sexual abuse and that prisoners experience serious harm, including deadly harm, as a result. The website of the Sun reported on Dec. 10, 2019 that 14 women are suing the Coleman Federal Correctional Complex in the United States over systemic abuse they claim to have endured at the prison. Allegations of sexual assault and harassment behind bars in the United States skyrocketed 180 percent from 2011 to 2015. Solitary confinement, which according to the United Nations is a torturous practice, causes severe mental and physical pain or suffering and may even lead to death. A 2017 survey of state prisons estimated around 61,000 prisoners are held in solitary confinement in the United States on any given day, according to a Sept. 4, 2019 report on the website of the Guardian.

   Political elections were reduced to money games. CNN reported on Feb. 7, 2019 that spending in the 2018 elections for Congress topped 5.7 billion U.S. dollars, shooting past the 5.3 billion U.S. dollars spent during the then-recording breaking 2008 presidential election and making the battle for control of the House and Senate the most expensive midterm ever. The Florida U.S. Senate race was the most expensive contest of the midterms, with the spending topping 209 million U.S. dollars. The winning candidate Republican Rick Scott poured more than 63 million U.S. dollars of his personal fortune into the contest. In 2018, the 10 largest individual donors funneled more than 436 million U.S. dollars to Super PACs (political action committees) in the most expensive midterm elections ever, according to a report dated Aug. 14, 2019 on the website of the Time magazine. Big money in politics has overwhelmed the political process, granting wealthy special interests more power now than at any time in recent American history, “distorting the voices of everyday citizens and putting the foundation of our democracy at risk.”

   The race to raise money for the 2020 presidential election is heating up. According to data released on Dec. 29, 2019 on the website of the Federal Election Commission, candidates have raised more than 1.08 billion U.S. dollars for the 2020 presidential election and spent 531 million U.S. dollars. In his first week as a Democratic U.S. presidential candidate, Michael Bloomberg launched a 40-plus million U.S. dollar advertising campaign, according to a HuffPost report dated Nov. 30, 2019. Presidential candidates have spent more than 100 million U.S. dollars on digital ads, noted a report released by the Center for Responsive Politics on Nov. 24, 2019. 

   America’s self-touted “freedom of the press” is in name only. For the third time in three years, the United States’ standing in an annual index of press freedom declined, said a report released on the website of the Washington Post on April, 18, 2019. Data released by the website of the U.S. Press Freedom Tracker on Dec. 29, 2019 showed that in 2019 in the United States there were 38 journalists who were attacked, 28 incidents in which journalists were denied access to government events, nine journalists who were arrested or faced with criminal charges. Since 2017, at least 54 journalists have been subpoenaed or had their records seized and 36 journalists have been arrested while covering protests in the United States. The current U.S. Administration is “mounting the most direct attack on press freedom in American history,” according to a report dated Dec. 12, 2019 on the website of the Guardian. 

   Demonstrators were arrested for protesting against government policies. Calls for the closure of the Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) have intensified since the U.S. Government in 2018 implemented its “zero tolerance” policy on immigration. About 100 protesters demanding an end to the ICE were arrested in New York City, according to a CNN report on Aug. 11, 2019. At least 15 protesters were arrested in a demonstration organized by Greenpeace USA on Sept. 12, 2019, said a report on the website of Houston Chronicle. Nearly 40 protesters attended a planned protest in Miami on Nov. 29, 2019 for government action on climate change and one protester was arrested, according to a report on the website of Miami Herald.

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书摘插图

前言

 “We lied, we cheated, we stole ... It reminds you of the glory of the American experiment,” said U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo in a speech on April 15, 2019.

   The remarks of U.S. politicians have completely exposed their hypocrisy of adopting double standards on human rights issues and using them to maintain hegemony. 

   The United States claims to be founded on human rights, touting itself as a world human rights defender. Following a framework of its own narrow understanding of human rights and using its core interests of pursuing global hegemony as a yardstick, the United States released annual reports on other countries’ human rights every year by piecing together innuendoes and hearsay. These reports wantonly distorted and belittled human rights situation in countries and regions that did not conform to U.S. strategic interests, but turned a deaf ear and a blind eye to the persistent, systematic and large-scale human rights violations in the United States.

   This report is based on a variety of published data, reports and research findings. The facts detailed in the report prove that in recent years, especially since 2019, the human rights situation in the United States has been poor and deteriorating.

   -- The United States is a country with the worst gun violence in the world. The number of mass killings in the United States hit a record high of 415 in 2019, with more than one happening for every day of the year. In total 39,052 people died from gun related violence in the United States in 2019. A person is killed with a gun in the United States every 15 minutes. “This seems to be the age of mass shootings,” commented USA Today.

   -- Elections have become money games for the rich. Spending in the 2018 elections for Congress topped 5.7 billion U.S. dollars, making the battle for control of the House and Senate the most expensive midterm ever. In 2018, the 10 largest individual donors funneled more than 436 million U.S. dollars to Super PACs (political action committees) in the midterm elections. The race to raise money for the 2020 presidential election is heating up. Candidates have raised more than 1.08 billion U.S. dollars for the election.

   -- The United States has the most serious polarization between the rich and poor among developed countries. The Gini Index grew to 0.485 in 2018, the highest level in 50 years. The wealthiest 10 percent of U.S. households control nearly 75 percent of household net worth. The bottom 50 percent saw essentially zero net gains in wealth from 1989 to 2018.

   -- The United States is currently the only developed country where millions of people are hungry. There were 39.7 million people living in poverty in the United States, according to U.S. Census Bureau figures released in 2018. On a single night in the previous year, more than half a million Americans lacked permanent shelter. There were 65 million adults who chose not to seek treatment for a medical issue because of the cost.

   -- Racial hate crimes in the United States have shocked the world. White supremacy in the United States has shown a resurgence trend. The majority of domestic terror related arrests were linked to white supremacist violence. A white man opened fire and killed 22 people at a Walmart superstore in El Paso, Texas. His motive was hatred toward Hispanics. “The United States has always been in the midst of a white nationalist terrorist crisis,” said a comment.

   -- Shootings and brutal abuse of African Americans by policemen are frequent. African American adults are 5.9 times more likely to be incarcerated than white adults. An UN Special Rapporteur called such racial disparities a vestige of slavery and racial segregation.

   -- The racial gap in employment and wealth is striking. Over the past 40 years, workers of African descent have consistently endured an unemployment rate approximately twice that of their white counterparts. The typical wealth for a white household is nearly 10 times that for African Americans. If current trends continue, it could take more than 200 years for the average family of African descent to accumulate the same amount of wealth as its white counterparts.

   -- Religious intolerance continues to deteriorate. Pew Research Center surveys showed that about 82 percent of respondents say Muslims are subject to at least some discrimination in the United States. Some 64 percent say Jews face at least some discrimination in the United States. Extremists inspired by extremist ideology were responsible for 249 anti-Semitic incidents in 2018. An UN report noted the exceptionally violent anti-Semitic incidents in the United States.

   -- The United States has the most dangerous situation for women among high-income countries. In 2015, an astounding 92 percent of all women killed with guns in these countries were from the United States. Women in the United States were 21 times more likely to die by firearm homicide than women in peer nations. Every month, an average of 52 women were shot and killed by an intimate partner. Up to 70 percent of U.S. women had experienced physical or sexual violence from an intimate partner in their lifetime. 

   -- Child poverty is a shocking problem. Around 12.8 million U.S. children lived in poverty and a total of 3.5 million children under five were poor, with 1.6 million of those children living in extreme poverty. “No child should have to worry where her next meal will come from or whether she will have a place to sleep each night in the wealthiest nation on Earth,” commented the Children’s Defense Fund in a report, adding that yet “about one in five children in America lived in poverty and faced these harsh realities every day.”

   -- Poverty among the elderly is becoming more and more serious. One in 12 seniors aged 60 and older -- 5.5 million people -- did not have enough food. About 40 percent of middle-class Americans would live close to or in poverty by the time they reach age 65.

   -- The U.S. government’s treatment of immigrants has become increasingly harsh and inhumane. The “zero-tolerance” policy caused the separations of many children from their families. U.S. immigration authorities had separated more than 5,400 children from their parents at the Mexico border since July 2017. A total of 24 immigrants, including seven children, have died in U.S. custody since 2018.

   -- The United States is “the most warlike nation in the history of the world.” The United States has spent 6.4 trillion U.S. dollars on wars it launched since 2001, which resulted in more than 800,000 deaths and left tens of millions displaced.

• 作者：迟与缓 发布时间：2019-09-22 11:34:40

  深网给了多少广告费？我表网出三倍。（误）

• 作者：萧声匿迹 发布时间：2015-11-03 22:14:37

  看着这本书，玩东北。好冷。

• 作者：千叶ゃ 发布时间：2019-04-04 19:14:44

  在图书馆的两排字体设计教科书里翻了一圈，唯一一本想多看几页的。主要是图好，细看内容错误百出。

• 作者：莫道荼蘼花事了 发布时间：2022-06-07 23:25:22

  《2019年美国侵犯人权报告》，国务院新闻办公室13日发布，特别讲到美国国务卿蓬佩奥2019年4月15日在演讲时说：“我们撒谎，我们欺骗，我们偷窃……这才是美国不断探索进取的荣耀。”这个视频也是很火爆，之前奥巴马也专门有如何对别国舆论控制的演说。2019年共发生415起大规模枪击事件，平均每天超过一起；共有39052人死于与枪支有关的暴力事件，每15分钟就有一人被枪杀。《今日美国报》评论称，“美国或已步入大规模枪击时代”。2018年10个最大的个人捐助者向超级政治行动委员会注资4.36亿美元，最富有的10％家庭占有美国全部家庭净资产的近75％，美国有3970万贫困人口，有6500万人因医疗费用过高而放弃治疗。2001年以来，美国战争开支超6.4万亿美元，造成超80万人死亡，数千万人流离失所。

• 作者：四囍 发布时间：2018-08-10 08:54:25

  对认识紫砂，从工手角度去认知紫砂壶作品和工艺有极大好处

  这本书编辑或者出版的时候，“紫砂七老”之一唯一的女性，蒋蓉还在呢

  如今也是天人永隔了，不过经典的紫砂器还是会流传千载

• 作者：酌夫 发布时间：2022-05-12 11:46:24

  看累了书来做一做，以为能放松，结果难的离谱，更离谱的是还做上头了，一个小时也没拼完...

• 晚年黑洞

  作者：陆吴双 发布时间：2023-12-17 09:49:25

  在人类普遍乐观不断长寿的今天，身轻力壮的人开心的在谈论人生寿命能到 120 岁， 应该好好看看这本书，人过了 85 岁如同老爷车，再如何保养也浑身不舒服了，到 90 岁都会“返老还童”。

  作者（1952 年生人），母亲（1921 年生人）， 2001 年被通知罹患阿尔茨海默症，15 年后才离世。作者是老人的 二女儿，兄妹三人，妹妹在日本，母亲去世时 95岁的父亲还健在，“久病床前无孝子”，常年的看护更是一段艰辛的旅程，本书是作者 15 年陪伴母亲的日记点滴。

  在城市化的今天，养女儿比儿子强，15 年家里的操持主要是女儿，儿子面对家庭琐事会更加无所适，那一代老人幸运的是子女多，而且06 年的北京保姆还是1000元工资，现在特护要上万元，而且已经普遍年龄偏大，人手短缺，最主要的是全程护工不可或缺，不要说阿尔茨海默症，就是各种脑梗的偏瘫，对独生子女家庭都是难以承受的。

  本书给我们的提醒的是长寿要有限度，作者 的父亲比母亲大 10 岁，从母亲彻底失智后 10 年，可以看出老两口生活完全没有乐趣，只是无奈的苟且，母亲长期瘫痪在床，父亲 也是难免浑身病痛，苟延残喘对自己和子女都是折磨，珍惜眼前，好聚好散，80岁 之前交代好后事，找到可托付之人，接受要死亡的现实，优雅面对死亡是人生最后一课。

• 野心勃勃的作品，可惜...

  作者：微叹 发布时间：2016-08-31 10:22:31

  《莽荒纪》确实是一部野心勃勃的作品，世界观之宏大比之《吞噬星空》有过之而无不及。可惜缺点也一样明显，主线散乱，细节缺失，人物性格太过臆想。

  整体来看三界篇之前还是比较不错的，明显作者有大概的构思规划，主角成长顺理成章，情感处理虽不算感人倒也不算平淡。从最开始的六道轮回被毁到三界两大派系的战争，悬念铺垫设计的都较为合理。再加上爱恨情仇柔和到主线中，最后三界大能舍身取义的悲壮场面烘托出了全书最大的高潮。主角成长速度虽然妖孽但也说得过去，毕竟无论是摘星府传承，还是菩提传承都是三界数一数二的，甚至后面的伍休世界神传承更是超脱了三界的范围。不过因为主角成长速度太快，好多铺垫的内容都没跟上，像吹了半天的千牛剑还算是发威了一两次，而三界时代铺垫了最多的兵器罗睺弓，从头到尾也就用了一次，还没起到什么作用。

  三界篇之后进入到混沌宇宙篇，从此本书也就进入了一层套一层的无聊篇章，作者似乎也是想一章算一章，前言不搭后语的地方数不胜数。主故事线几乎没有，只是一个所谓复活道侣的愿望而已。因为三界的功法太过平庸，作者为了让主角继续妖孽，莫名其妙的把之前没怎么当回事的九重禁止提升到了一个前所未有的高度。还有之前三界时代提到的一些几乎平等的异力，如剑之力，心力，太极之力，无极之力等等，到了混沌宇宙篇，也直接把心力提升到一个三大修行体系之一，还是最牛的一个，其他一概不再提了。至于修行方面不论是神力、法力还是心力，根本就不需要什么积累了，只要悟性高，说升级就升级。别人一两个混沌纪都升不了一级，主角可以几百年升好几级。

  最后的西斯族大决战虽然也做了很多铺垫，但远没有三界时代效果好。一场大战来得快，完结的也快，关键时刻的剧情几乎没什么区别，无外乎是己方死几个，然后主角就升级了。最后一级明明最难升，反而主角前前后后没用几年。最后的大结局突然又讲了个远古的故事，不知道有什么意义，感觉完全是画蛇添足。

  最后吐槽一下作者笔下人性的恒定论，像纪明月这种过了好多个混沌纪，明明都是纪家老祖宗级别了，还能表现的像个天真活泼的孩子，我也真是醉了...