食品专业英语怡红科学出版社9787030721778蔚蓝书店 在线下载 pdf mobi 2025 epub 电子版

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contents

Preface

Unit 1 pan>

Part 1 Food Nutrition pan>

Extensive Reading 1 Nature of Nutritional Problems 8

Extensive Reading 2 Nutrition and Food 12

Part 2 Carbohydrates 15

Extensive Reading e of Simple Oligosaccharides in the Food Industry 2pan>

Extensive Reading 2 The Applications of Carbohydrates 22

Part 3 The Health Effects of Dietary Fats 24

Extensive Reading 1 General Introduction to Fats 3pan>

Extensive Reading 2 Structured Lipids—Novel Fats 33

Part 4 Enzymatic Protein Hydrolysates in Human Nutrition 35

Extensive Reading 1 Nutritional Properties of Whey Proteins 42

Unit 2 46

Part 1 Processing Techniques Used for Grain Food 46

Extensive Reading 1 Thermal and Physical Property Measurement of Bakery 54

Extensive Reading 2 Recent Developments and Applications of Resistant Starch from Millet 57

Extensive Reading 3 Physical and Chemical Changes Undergone by Endosperm During Grain Nixtamalization 59

Part 2 Postharvest Precooling of Fruits and Vegetables 62

Extensive Reading 1 Ultrasound Processing of Fruits and Vegetables 67

Extensive Reading 2 High Pressure Processing of Meat， Meat Products and Seafood 69

Part 3 Common Separation Techniques in Food Analysis 72

Extensive Reading 1 Some New Analytical Techniques Used in Food Chemistry 80

Extensive Reading 2 Applications of Solid-phase Microextraction in Food Analysis 83

Part 4 Modern New Packaging Techniques 86

Extensive Reading 1 Biopolymer-based Packaging Films 93

Unit 3 97

Part 1 Food Safety Assurance Systems in China 97

Extensive Reading 1 Safety of Agricultural Biotechnology-related Foods 104

Part 2 Methods for Rapid Detection of Chemical and Veterinary Drug Residues in Animal Foods 108

Extensive Reading 1 Food Quality and Allergenicity 115

Part 3 Evaluation of Food itives’ Toxicology 119

Extensive Reading 1 Microbial Pollution and Food Safety 125

Part 4 Food Microbiology: The Challenges for the Future 128

Extensive Reading 1 Microbiology in Food Safety 135

Extensive Reading 2 Partial Food Microorganism Diagnostics 139

Unit 4 142

Part 1 Geically Modified Microorganisms and Their Products 142

Extensive Reading 1 Safety Assessment of Products with Geically Modified Organisms 148

Part 2 Can Organic and Transgenic Soybeans Be Used as a Substitute for Animal Protein? 150

Extensive Reading 1 The Futures of Geically Modified Foods: Global Threat or Panacea? 156

Part 3 Control of Microorganisms in Water and Dri Water 158

Extensive Reading 1 Physical Methodout Treatment and Disinfection of Water 165

Part 4 Gut Microbiota in Human Metabolic Health and Disease 168

Extensive Reading 1 Role of Dietary Polyphenols on Gut Microbiota， Their Metabolites and Health Benefits 175

Extensive Reading 2 Impact of Diet on Gut Microbiota 179

Part 5 Application of Probiotics in Dairy Products 183

Extensive Reading 1 Probiotics: Pharmaceutical Dietary Supplements 190

Extensive Reading 2 Prebiotics， Functional Food， Bioactive Ingredients and Nutraceuticals 193

References 198

附录1 考研面试辅导 0

Part 1 Self-Introduction 0

Part 2 Question-and-Answer 3

附录2 出国学材料辅导 21pan>

Part 1 E- 21pan>

Part 2 Curriculum Vitae and Resume 215

Part 3 Research Proposal 219

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Unit 1 Part 1 Food Nutrition

The goal of public health nutrition is to promote the nutrition-related health of the population. It is not surprising that people knew little about nutrition in the past when they were already on the brink of starvation. Nowadays， with the development of the economy and society， people not only need to consume an adequate amount of food， but also should have a healthy and nutritious diet. Nutrition and its importance in human life take the center of stage， and are highlighted in a tremendous amount of media coverage. As a result， people receive a lot of information， but maybe only some of the information is useful and helpful， while the rest is inaccurate and even dangerous.

Unhealthy diets are a key risk factor for the most prevalent noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases， diabetes mellitus and various types of cancer. According to the Global Burden of Disease Study 17 (GBD 17)， unhealthy diets were responle for 42% of deaths from cardiovascular diseases， 32% from type 2 diabetes mellitus， 7% from cancers， and were responle for 16% of all deaths among adults in Western Europe (GBD 17 Diet Collaborators， 19). Therefore a significant health gain can be achieved through the prevention of noncommunicable diseasey policies aiming at improving the dietary intake of the population.

Nutrition is an interesting topic to many people， as eating is part of our life， and delicious food is a temptation to people. In fact， eating is one of the pleasures in our life， especially in China which has a long history of diet culture.

A healthy and reasonable diet is very important to people， because it can provide the nutrition that people need. Since the last decade， new views on the conceptual role of diets have been proposed in the science of nutrition. It is generally considered that the primary role of nutrition is to provide enough nutrients to fulfill the basic nutritional requirements of normal human body functions. Recent advances in food and nutrition science now support the concept that diets may have a significant role in the modulation of various functions in the human body. This implies that diets or food could contribute to an improved state of human well-being， a reduction of risks related to certain diseases， and even an improvement in the quality of life.

Usually， we consume different kinds of foods， such as milk， egg， meat， fruit and vegetable products. Although we have a large variety of foods available， they contain only a limited number of constituents， such as proteins， fats， carbohydrates， vitamins， minerals and water. These stances allow our organisms to grow， maintain themselves and work well.

Relationshipetween diets and health have been shown at various levels of dietary patterns， food groups， foods and nutrients. Many foods contain essential nutrients. Other stances are of little importance as parts of nutrients may even be harmful to human health. Examples include the allergenic proteins in egg white， fish， legumes and some natural plant stances， such as antitoxins， which could affect the thyroid， oxalic acid and gossypol.

Modern studies in nutritional physiology have made it clear that human diets may consist of a great variety of foodut the nutrients contained in foods mue calorie-wise in the right form. Today， about 50 stances should be supplied on a regular basis to ensure human health， including essential amino acids， essential fatty acids， minerals， vitamins and water. Apart from breast milk in infancy， there is no food specially designed by nature for human beings， so it is not surprising that no single food on its own can bring sufficient nutrients and satisfy the human body’s needs. A high intake of nutrients is required for any human body to function well. We only need nutrients supplied in foods， rather than all the stances in foods， and thus we should get a wide range of foods with full nutritive values.

1. Protein Requirement

As stated previously， proteins have the highest nutritive value to contribute to human health if they contain an adequate amount of essential amino acids in the right relationship. In general， this is more often the case that proteins in animals are more abundant than those in vegetables. This is the reason why animal proteins have a higher biological value. Therefore， animal proteins should be adequate in diets.

Fish， meat， milk and eggs are ideal sources of animal proteins. Soyabeans are an especially valuable source of vegetable proteins. The concept of minimum physiological protein or minimum protein balance means the minimum amount of protein food with which the human body can reach a nitrogen equilibrium between intake of nitrogen in foods containing proteins and elimination of nitrogen in decomposition products (such as urea in urine). It is well known from the experience of mass feeding in times of crisis and from an

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  这不是一篇书评，只是一篇流水账和CE致谢。

  甘宁是我参与制作的第一本中文版LP指南。去年8月我刚从北京回到成都，生活被分成了三部分——学车、做书和偶尔相亲。作者调研和写作期间，我在云南、山东和韩国辗转。全书完成的时候我拿到了驾照，准备前往上海。出版的时候已经是今年夏季，我在上海，而工作之余的旅行计划已经排到了明年。

  甘宁一共有6位在路上作者和4位了解章节作者。这10个人当中我亲眼见过的只有3位，与其他人的交往全在于微信、QQ、电话和无数封邮件。而在决定让他们来写之前，我一个人都没见过，简历、样稿、过往的作品和inhouse CE的推荐是我决定的依据。很幸运，他们都是靠谱的好作者，我们经常彻夜讨论稿件、交流彼此的心得体会。我非常感谢他们和我共同经历过的关于甘宁的日日夜夜。

  写甘南的梅朵是我决定的第一个作者。她在简历里写，她有一个藏族的未婚夫，所以很适合去藏区调研。后来她和未婚夫扎西从江苏一路骑着摩托车来到成都，沿途发微信跟我汇报行踪。然后我们在成都的小餐馆和青旅见过面，她给我讲了至今为止我遇见过的最神奇、最甜蜜的爱情故事。

  梅朵以前在上海一所大学工作，被派去西藏锻炼。她从那里就近飞去了尼泊尔，在当地请了一个会说汉语的藏族向导，那个大眼睛、两湾酒窝的英俊男生就是扎西。后来别人问梅朵为什么不顾阻拦、坚持要跟扎西在一起，她都回答得斩钉截铁：长得帅！旅程结束，扎西以一个藏族人的直爽表示要梅朵做女朋友。可是梅朵还是矜持了一下，先回国了。然后两个人在每月电话费要花800多块钱的情况下异国相恋。梅朵第二次去尼泊尔，原本只是想再考察考察，但两人很快就在一起了。扎西跟着梅朵回了国，而梅朵不久也辞了工作。两个人在国内开始了共同的生活。可惜的是，因为梅朵妈妈的反对，他们相恋几年却始终未能结婚。我从来未曾见过谈了好几年恋爱的情侣还能如他们一样，每一次见面都给我一种他们在初遇不久后的热恋中的感觉。如今两人在成都租房居住，小区外是一条种满了银杏树的街道。作为LP作者，梅朵经常骑着摩托车在各地跑，遇见过各种塌方、暴雪和无人区，而扎西一直都跟她在一起。

  第二个作者是河西走廊西线的冯帅。这是一个老作者了，重庆姑娘，天蝎座，特别认真，也就特别纠结，为了一句话的写法半夜给我打电话，好在LP的人都是夜猫子。帅永远是最后交稿的那个人，也永远都卡在deadline上，倒也绝不过时。最后那个阶段，这个经常神经敏感的女孩写稿子写到哭，经常半夜出去遛个弯、吃个烤串、抽几只烟，再回家一直写作到日出。最后的那天，我从中午在QQ上把她叫起床，就一直隔空守着她写，直到她半夜写完发给我。因为甘宁里有一个特别章节莫高窟也是帅的任务，所以她要写的量非常大，涉及到的专业性东西也做多，为此她阅读了无数资料，每一稿写完都请敦煌研究院的工作人员校对过，以确保内容无误。之后，甚至一句话里几个字词的修改我们都讨论过数次，她的认真程度让我折服不已。

  帅经常做奇葩内容的梦，对周遭一切都非常敏感。在敦煌开始的意外恋情在她写完之后去了印度的时候结束，导致大家一度非常担心。但她在印度寻回了快乐的感觉，那是我认识她以来感觉她最好的状态。如今她开始做摄影这行了，在西南地区游荡。大概我们总有机会见面吧。

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  今年2月，我在无锡第一次见到望若，跟照片一样漂亮。那时她正在写《丝绸之路》这本书，而我正在准备做《山西》。于是，山西的太原部分也是由望若完成的。望若带我去吃小笼，告诉我其实她平常只爱吃甜食，但最近大半年的调研她都去的是大肉加面食的北方。所以每次她想念甜食的时候，就去找家川菜馆，要一碗醪糟蛋喝下去，便又有了满满的动力。

  陇东作者黄侃淳通常被我们忘记了名字，因为所有人都管他叫下雨天。上哪儿哪儿下雨就是他的代名词，堪称萧敬腾第二。三个月没有下雨的斯里兰卡在他飞机降落的那一刻暴雨如注。而我唯一参与的一次LP作者上海聚会，因为有他在，下了4个小时的雨。以至于因为听说他准备跟我同期去安徽徒步，我立刻就退了火车票。好像他现在正在台湾淋雨的样子。

  下雨天是我第一次见面的作者。那时大家还在做大纲，他来成都出差，我们一起吃火锅，这个上海男生居然点了一份脑花，于是我们相谈甚欢。AB型、处女座，他最经常自黑的话就是报出自己的血型和星座。所以他不能忍受稿子里有各种颜色的修订和批注痕迹，每次都要改得干干净净才给我，导致我每次都对照上一稿从头到尾再仔细看一遍，才能确认他改了哪些地方。下雨天一直管我叫“地主婆”，因为他交大纲的时候晚了两天，我就各种方式催了两天。后来他一直叫嚣着要拖稿，但都很自觉地提前一两天就给我了。处女座大概是不能忍受自己超出deadline吧。此同学照片拍得非常好，但也很强迫症地要拍到了正确角度、剪成了完美比例才肯给我们看。

  骁珊是去年刚大学毕业，放弃了出国留学，来给LP当作者，一路听着《兰州 兰州》走遍了兰州。调研期间，她被偷了手机，算是不小的损失。这是个爱摇滚、弹吉他的女孩，当地人推荐中对苏阳的采访也是她做的。这个采访费了不少周折，骁珊不厌其烦地打过许多电话、发过许多邮件，终于得到了不错的内容。

  因为兰州这章字数少，所以骁珊还写了好几篇其他内容，包括负责任的旅行、手工艺和和当地人吃喝。作为一直在兰州吃牛肉面的姑娘，能写出这么一长篇甘宁各地的美食着实不容易。如今骁珊在北京的VICE工作。就她的年龄而言，她的生活算是比同龄人丰富许多。

  沐昀是最后加入的作者。河西走廊西线原定是男神尼佬（就是写历史的那位）来写，但男神太忙，于是那时还在国企上班的小沐自荐来当作者。看过样稿和简历，我就给他打了个电话，那头的男生有礼貌得过分，后来作者就换成他了。事实证明，小沐是最好的那种作者。调研认真细致，文字细腻得不像是个北京男生，富有感情，但又不缺乏理性客观，内容丰富又不过分，最适合LP的要求。CE们都爱小沐写的东西，所以之后他参与过好几本书。

  而在最开始，他只是一个向往着在路上的生活却在国企工作的员工，从简历里能感觉出现实的压抑和对远方的向往。定了他当甘宁作者之后，小沐立刻就辞了职，放弃了那个铁饭碗，成了一个带着照相机漂泊无定的作者。去年我收集照片，小沐发来的最多，拍得也相当美。果然还是LP适合他吧。

  另外，还有了解章节的作者们，感谢这些堪称专家级别的作者们的辛勤劳动成果。当时在国外不知道哪个国家的宁二为甘宁写了好几篇，每次我们的邮件往来都大段大段的意见交流，有几封是他在穆斯林节庆期间写给我的，而我则是在韩国拿着手机一个字一个字打出来回给他。拖稿男神尼佬其时在印度，要找他人太不容易，我和小可试过了邮件、微信、QQ、微博和豆油等一切方法。而黎简和滕左都在国内，都在繁忙工作之余提供了高质量的稿件。

  感谢inhouse CE小可，我们讨论、吐槽，和作者们一起完成了这本书。感谢Emily，给了我许多意见和帮助。感谢如今远在新加坡的孝忠，我们唯一的一次见面竟然就改变了我人生的轨迹，让我从一名NGO离职人员成为了旅行指南的编辑。感谢母亲在我还未出生时就乘坐绿皮火车带我去往边疆，感谢父亲将我掩藏在列车卧铺的被窝中，无数次在兰新线上来回。感谢曾经与我同路旅行的朋友，和我在一个人的旅行中萍水相逢的人们，因为与你们相遇相伴的经历让我能意识到在路上的意义。感谢帮我拍了简介那张照片的日理万机同学，陪我在云南、山东、韩国的青旅看稿子、回邮件，感谢你与我同路的所有时光。