测试信号分析与信息处理 科学出版社 在线下载 pdf mobi 2025 epub 电子版

本书以测试信号分析与信息处理为主线，根据学科发展和研究生课程教学改革的要求，注重了测试理论、方法与应用的结合，突出了数学方法、物理内涵与工程实现的高度统一。在内容上将测试系统分析、信号分析与信息处理等方面与电子信息技术融合，旨在时域、频域及复频域内掌握测试信号分析与信息处理的理论基础、途径和方法，力求体现测试领域知识体系的科学性和完整性。本书内容主要包括：信号的数学特征、信号的数学分析、信号的离散化处理与分析、测试系统的组成与分析、信号调理电路、信号转换电路、频谱估计、现代信号分析方法等。本书文字简练，内容充实，体现了测试信号与系统的建模与分析，测试硬件与软件相结合的特色。本书可作为高等院校仪器仪表类、机械类和机电类等专业高年级本科生、研究生和教师的教学用书，也可作为从事测试技术工作的工程技术人员的参考书。

前言

第1章 信号的数学特征

1.1 信号的描述与分类

1.1.1 信号的描述

1.1.2 信号的分类

1.1.3 常见的典型信号

1.1.4 信号的量化与转换

1.2 信号的特征值

1.2.1 时域特征值

1.2.2 频域特征值

1.2.3 幅值域特征值

1.3 信号的算法规则

1.4 本章小结

习题

第2章 信号的数学分析

2.1 周期信号的时域分析

2.1.1 正弦信号和周期复指数信号

2.1.2 LTI系统对复指数信号的响应

2.2 周期信号的频域分析

2.2.1 周期信号的傅里叶级数表示

2.2.2 傅里叶级数的收敛条件

2.2.3 周期信号的频谱

2.3 非周期信号的时域分析

2.3.1 单位冲激和单位阶跃信号

2.3.2 信号分解为冲激信号之和

2.3.3 冲激响应与阶跃响应

2.3.4 卷积的物理意义

2.4 非周期信号的频域与复频域分析

2.4.1 非周期信号的傅里叶变换

2.4.2 连续时间信号的复频域分析

2.5 本章小结

习题

第3章 信号的离散化处理与分析

3.1 连续信号的离散化

3.2 离散信号的傅里叶变换

3.3 离散信号的z变换

3.4 离散傅里叶变换与z变换的关系

3.5 快速傅里叶变换算法

3.6 本章小结

习题

第4章 测试系统的组成与分析

4.1 测试系统的组成

4.1.1 测试系统的基本定义

4.1.2 测试系统的基本组成单元

4.2 测试系统的基本特性

4.2.1 静态特性

4.2.2 动态特性

4.2.3 负载效应

4.2.4 抗干扰性

4.3 测试系统的特性描述

4.3.1 线性时不变系统

4.3.2 拉氏域.传递函数

4.3.3 频域.频率响应函数

4.3.4 时域.单位冲激响应函数

4.3.5 特征描述与分析函数的应用

4.3.6 不失真测试和动态误差

4.4 测试系统的频率响应

4.4.1 灵敏系统的运动微分方程

4.4.2 灵敏系统的固有振动

4.4.3 灵敏系统的稳态强迫振动

4.5 测试系统的机电模拟分析

4.5.1 机电理想元件方程及连接规律

4.5.2 机电相似性

4.5.3 机电模拟分析

4.5.4 机械网络作图法

4.6 本章小结

习题

第5章 信号调理电路

5.1 信号调理电路的组成

5.2 信号的放大

5.2.1 电荷放大电路

5.2.2 高共模抑制比放大电路

5.2.3 高输入阻抗放大电路

5.2.4 低漂移放大电路

5.2.5 隔离放大器

5.2.6 数控增益放大器

5.2.7 传感器桥放大器

5.3 信号的滤波

5.3.1 滤波器的分类

5.3.2 模拟滤波器

5.3.3 数字滤波器

5.4 信号的调制与解调

5.4.1 幅度调制与解调

5.4.2 频率调制

5.5 信号的线性化电路

5.5.1 模拟线性化

5.5.2 用软件实现线性化

5.6 本章小结

习题

第6章 信号转换电路

6.1 信号转换电路的组成

6.2 多路模拟开关

6.2.1 多路模拟开关原理

6.2.2 多路模拟开关的主要参数及选择

6.2.3 半导体模拟开关

6.2.4 集成多路模拟开关

6.2.5 多路模拟开关的应用

6.3 采样/保持器

6.3.1 采样/保持原理

6.3.2 采样/保持器的性能指标

6.3.3 集成采样/保持器

6.4 模数转换器

6.4.1 A/D转换器的原理

6.4.2 A/D转换器的主要技术指标

6.4.3 A/D转换器的选择原则

6.4.4 A/D转换过程及其频谱分析

6.5 本章小结

习题

第7章 频谱估计

7.1 经典频谱估计的基本方法及改进

7.1.1 经典频谱估计的基本方法

7.1.2 经典频谱估计的改进方法

7.2 经典频谱估计算法性能比较

7.3 基于参数模型的频谱估计

7.3.1 AR模型

7.3.2 MA模型

7.3.3 ARMA模型

7.4 优选熵谱估计

7.5 本章小结

习题

第8章 现代信号分析方法

8.1 二维傅里叶变换

8.2 离散余弦变换

8.3 信号的时频表示

8.3.1 时频分析的基本概念

8.3.2 短时傅里叶变换

8.3.3 Gabor展开

8.3.4 Wigner分布

8.4 小波分析

8.5 倒频谱技术

8.6 本章小结

习题

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• 作者：野小菜 发布时间：2011-05-22 18:41:44

  当做图画书看看

• 作者：蝉 发布时间：2014-04-05 22:49:28

  :

  B222.05/7113-1

• 作者：kiyo 发布时间：2019-02-12 19:29:13

  趁着双十一的热潮入手了全套。本来网上资源很多也有音频比较方便，但是觉得不是纸质教材，不花钱买实体教材学不进去（这个是谬论）（笑）。但是到手后发现实在是太厚了。。。。好花哨

• 作者：夏天消失 发布时间：2017-08-16 17:58:21

  作为入门已颇合适。

  高中毕业后，挚友相赠，当珍藏一生啊！

• 作者：椿 发布时间：2023-07-04 16:13:46

  读的很轻松，喜欢插图里的花朵，让我回忆起小时候的画儿

• 作者：GEORGE SMILEY 发布时间：2022-03-20 15:12:59

  排版很水，很水

• 理一下各位大仙们贡献

  作者：矩阵 发布时间：2011-04-26 14:41:26

  每一章内各小节的组织比较乱，八卦夹杂在一起容易忘掉这人到底干了些什么。理了下我对他们贡献的理解。

  1.莱布尼兹大神最早提出一个想法，我们的宇宙可以由一种符号推理演算来表示。

  2.乔治·布尔把逻辑学纳入了数学的范畴，即布尔代数。

  3.弗雷格发行了形式句法，使后人可以用一种人造的语言来表示逻辑推理。

  4.康托尔在对无限的探索中发明了对角线法，该方法是图灵等进行研究的工具之一。

  5.希尔伯特提出了算术一致性。

  6.在对算术一致性的证明中，哥德尔推翻了希尔伯特的推论，证明算术一致性不可证明，提出了不可判定命题。

  7.20世纪最伟大的同性恋者（没有之一）图灵登场，提出了图灵机的数学概念，奠定了现代计算机学科的基石。

  8.计算机传奇的时代开始了。

  觉得在大一的时候，每一个专业最应该开设的课程是类似于学科史的东西，从该学科在人类历史上的萌芽开始讲起，把各个分支的成因基本思想牛人著作做一个总体的概述，也许这样才能真正地让学这个专业的人更好地去理解所学到的专业知识。

• The Flip Side of Same Coin

  作者：songsing 发布时间：2010-03-01 15:38:20

  I used to be an extremist, I used not to ruminate the options I passed up, I used to reject to imagine how the alternative would have turned out and regret what I chose. But, something happened, and I was changed, and a real world paled in comparison to an imaginary world.

  Since then, I have been plagued by grief. Since then, I have had to live with the sting what I could have...if only.... Since then, I have been spinning far down a vicious spiral - negative emotions trigger regrets and countfactual thinking, regrets and countfactual thinking trigger more negative emotions. Sometimes I feel like being stuck in the deep state of misery which couldn't have been worse any more. It turns out even worse later on. Sometimes I feel paralysed by the acute pain and emptiness, not because of too much choices but because of the consequences of past choices. Sometimes I even wonder whether I am able to arrest the strong downward pull and make a amendment. Silver lining is such a mess-the total failure of my life-trigger my curiosity about the mechanism of human's decision-making.

  I had listened Schwartz's engaging TED talk before, I had searched his book for quite some time, finally I got it. Reading this book is to provide me an insightful study of choice, how we make decisions, what the flip sides of the coin of choice are, what's the price we must pay for abundant choices and what the tricks play in our satisfactions with the outcome of choices we made. It is persuasive and well-reasoned, it is thought-provoking. Inside it, there are some theories and research findings which I have also bumped into here and there. It is interesting to see how popular they are cross disciplines, and how ecomomics, behaviorism, psychology and sociology interconnect to each other.

  Beginning with his shopping experience, Schwartz raised one question: "Choice is essential to our autonomy, freedom and well-being, but, is it true that the more choices people have, the better off they are?" His answer is not necessarily. Throughout this book, He convincingly lays out the following arguments:

     1. We would be better off if we embraced certain voluntary constraints on our freedom of choice, instead of rebelling against them.

     2. We would be better off seeking what was “good enough” instead of seeking the best.

     3. We would be better off if we lowered our expectations about the results of decisions.

     4. We would be better off if the decisions we made were nonreversible.

     5. We would be better off if we paid less attention to what others around us were doing.

  We may all know well about the value of choice:

      * Instrumental value: It enables people to get what they need and want in life.

      * Expressive value: It enables us to tell the world who we are and what we care about.(Choices have expressive functions only to the extent that we can make them freely.)

      * Psychological value: It enables people to be actively and effectively engaged in the world

  However, we might not be aware that we are tyrannized by the bountiful choices in mordern society, that is, we are paying for the growth of options and opportunities at cost of:

      * Time

      * Effort

      * Psychological consequences

  So he coins the term "The tyranny of Choice". To make it understandable, he explains:

      * More choices means more trade-offs;

      * More choices means making mistakes more likely;

      * More choices make the psychological consequences of mistakes more severe;

      * More choices can entail more complications than it's worth.

      * More choices can occupy our attention and fuel our anxieties.

      * More choices subtly shift the responsibility from choices provider to decision makers. (This point is very insightful and I can't agree any more.)

  He reasons that choices are govern by memories and expectations, unfortunately, people is lacking of self-knowledge, neither our predictions about how we feel after an experience nor our memories of how we did feel during the experience are very accurate reflections of how we actually do feel while the experience is occurring. This is affected by:

      * Peak-End rule: what we remember about our past experiences is almost entirely determineded by two factors:

            o how the experiences felt when they were at their peak (best or worst)

            o how they felt when they ended.

            o e.x. intense pain + mild pain < intense pain; great pleasure + good pleasure < great pleasure.

      * Availability heuristic: assume that the more available some piece of imformation is to memory, the more frequently we must have encountered it in the past.The factors affect availability to memory:

            o frequency

            o salience/vividness

      * Adaptation: we get used to things, and then we start to take them for granted.

            o perceptual adaptation: decreased responsiveness to sights, sounds, odors, any given environmental event as the event persists.

            o hedonic adaptation: decreased “hedonic” or pleasure extent to an experience as it is experienced more and more

  Besides, people's decision-making is also influenced by:

      * The effect of framing(Prospect theory):

            o We prefer a small, sure gain to a larger uncertain one.

            o We will risk a large loss to avoid a smaller one. (Loss aversion)

      * Endowment Effect: Once something becomes part of your endowment, even after a very few minutes, giving it up will entail a loss.

  Then Schwartz talks about why and how we suffered from the problem of regret:

      * Two types of regret:

           1. Anticipated regret will make decisions harder to make

           2. postdecision regret will make them harder to enjoy

      * Factors affect the regret:

            o omission bias: a bias to downplay omissions (failures to act) when we evaluate the consequences of our decisions.

                  + in short run: we regret actions that don’t turn out well more than we regret failures to take actions that would have turned out well.

                  + in long run: The omission bias undergoes a reversal with respect to decisions made in the more distant past. That is, as time passes, what we’ve failed to do looms larger and larger than what we did.

            o “Nearness” effect: How close we come to achieving our desired result.

            o Responsibility: bad results make people regretful only if they bear responsibility.

            o Counterfactual thinking: thinking about the world as it isn’t, but might be or might have been, which will provide a never ending supply of raw material for experiencing regret. It establishs a contrast between a person’s actual experience and an imagined alternative.

                  + Upward counterfactuals:

                        # imagined states that are better than what actually happened

                        # it may inspire us to do better next time, but the flipside of it will diminish a sense of achievement.

                        # people easily produce upward counterfactuals when negative emotions triggered.

                  + Downward counterfactuals:

                        # imagined states that are worse.

                        # will engender not only a sense of satisfaction, but a sense of gratitude that things didn’t turn out worse.

                        # people rarely produce downward counterfactuals unless asked specifically to do so.

  He also identifies several other psychological processes that explain why added options do not make people better off: adaptation, missed opportunities, raised expectations, and comparison with others. In the end, he gives some recommendations, which I think a bit repetitive, but it can be viewed as a summary of his points.

  Among all his arguments, what I mostly agree with him is: The choice of when to be a chooser may be the most important choice we have to make.