BETTER BASICS FOR THE HOME(ISBN=9780609803257) 英文原版 在线下载 pdf mobi 2025 epub 电子版

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　　The Commonsense Rule of Thumb

　　It is a great relief to establish a healthy home. Two-thirds of

us cite healthy air and water as an extremely important local

priority, second only to safety from crime, according to Roper

Starch Worldwide. National Wildlife Federation research has noted

that up to 80 percent of us are concerned about how pesticides and

indoor air pollution affect our health. Other polls show that a

natural lifestyle is one that women, mothers in particular,

overwhelmingly want because it protects the health of their

families.

　　Yet polls ever since Earth Day 1990 consistently show a

significant gap between wanting a more healthful environment and

knowing how to create it. We are realizing that the government

doesn't fully protect us from toxic products, leaving an uneasy and

pervasive feeling that we have to take charge of safeguarding our

families' health. The stumbling blocks seem insurmountable.

　　Having lived in a healthy home for more than a decade, I've

learned that after some initial adjustment, the way to establish

such a home is quite simple. The most important guideline for

choosing safe materials is to follow this basic rule of thumb: Use

only materials that have been around so long, and been used by

people without harm for so long, that they are "generally regarded

as safe" (GRAS for short), otherwise they would have long since

been abandoned. Using only GRAS substances will take us back to the

time before plastics and forward to new technology using old and

safe materials. It will introduce us to plants and healing herbs;

minerals such as baking soda, borax, and washing soda; and products

from animals and insects such as milk, honey, shellac, and royal

jelly. We may not have realized that these natural materials could

clean, disinfect, moisturize, or make paint. This discovery will

open up a new way of looking at our world.

　　Our alternative is to get a combined degree in toxicology and

environmental studies in order to do a simple risk analysis of

bathtub cleansers that won't cause harm, or to go shopping armed

with research files. That's a stretch for even the most well

intentioned among us.

　　Help also comes from something we all already have, even if we

need to clear out cobwebs to find it, and that is our common sense.

If the choice for polishing furniture is between polish in a can

that reads "fatal if swallowed" or using a simple but effective

recipe of lemon juice and raw linseed oil, common sense and the

GRAS rule guide us to the lemon and raw linseed oil.

　　Mixing up face creams or wood stain isn't much different than

cleaning the windows with vinegar, soap, and water instead of using

Brand Name X, or making a cake with flour, eggs, and milk instead

of buying a mix. And it seems amazing, although true, that we can

make paint ourselves using milk and lime. With a few simple staples

we can clean our houses, wash our hair, rid the dog's bed of fleas,

and do many other things too.

　　Looking for cause and effect is another way of choosing safe

products. Sometimes I wonder if we've allowed consumer products to

deplete the earth's resources or to be so toxic because the

products don't look like the raw materials used to make them. We

don't see the connections. A can of pretty robin's-egg blue paint

in a hardware store isn't visibly connected to its ingredients of

fungicides and petroleum or to the smokestacks of the factory where

it was made. Seeing the loss and damage that occurs in its creation

might incline us to purchase a more ecological brand or to buy a

little less. Or having access to the old-timers' recipe for milk

paint might inspire us to try it out ourselves.

　　Just because a formula is old, or its ingredients are natural,

doesn't mean it is safe, of course. Some old paint recipes call for

white lead. A musty-smelling 1951 housekeeping book I found

recently at a yard sale recommended using DDT paint on screens and

windows. DDT paint! For those of you not familiar with DDT, it is a

pesticide, now banned, that is symbolic of the worst of the

industrial age's impact on the environment. Natural materials such

as turpentine, citrus solvents, and tung oil can cause health

problems for many. Needless to say, we need to look at the old

recipes with a discerning eye. The key is to integrate the best of

the old-the simplest, most wholesome ingredients and methods-with

the best of the new-information about the effect of poisons on our

collective health, and how to replace them with safe

alternatives.

　　Signal Words

　　Besides choosing GRAS materials, the next best way to protect

yourself and the world at large from toxic products is to read

labels and pay particular attention to "signal words." They are

placed on products by order of the federal government, with the

primary purpose of protecting you, but sometimes to tell you about

the products' potential impact on the environment. POISON/DANGER

means some-thing very toxic; only a few drops could kill you.

WARNING means moderately toxic; as little as a teaspoonful can

kill. CAUTION denotes a product that is less toxic; two tablespoons

to a cup could kill you. There are a few others, such as strong

sensitizer, which means the product can cause multiple allergies.

I'd suggest that everyone get over the "it will never happen to me"

way of thinking and read labels, believe them, and simply avoid

toxic products. Calamity might not happen to you, but it could

happen to a child, or a neighbor, or a fish or a dog.

　　Putting Better Basics into Practice

　　Most people have some practical concerns about living without

toxic chemicals. Just how much of a change is it going to be? Does

living this way take more time? Is it more expensive? How do I

begin? My answers to these legitimate questions follow. But

basically, I suggest you just jump in and try it. I've never once

had a person tell me they've regretted it. Some people want to

switch to less toxic living on the spot; others stop restocking

toxic cleansers as they run out, learning about the alternatives as

they go along. Most start switching to natural body care gradually.

Choose any way that will work for you. To make it easier to start

the process of changing over, I have placed an icon (#) at

particularly easy recipes, hoping this will offer you the

encouragement you need to give Better Basics for the Home a

try.

　　……

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• 作者：Iris 发布时间：2013-04-25 19:17:40

  复试用书，悲催

• 作者：Seamoon 发布时间：2010-10-04 09:16:33

  ：）

• 作者：Brooklyn 发布时间：2017-06-20 10:03:27

  工作的原点是让人幸福，写策划要像写情书一样，就是在希望别人动心。

• 作者：威太狼 发布时间：2013-10-20 13:41:10

  人民币升值吧！！！！

• 作者：凤歌笑孔丘 发布时间：2017-04-16 19:34:57

  书的前半段写理论，后半段写故事。用精神分析的方法来研究自闭症还是很少的，因为很容易被批评为伪科学。和行为主义的可量化可观察相比，精神分析好像会有点吃亏。但我喜欢精神分析，因为它玄玄乎乎里面都是关注人，它不肢解人。这本书后半段的故事还是很让人唏嘘的，尤其读到结尾，小男孩长大成人，我莫名就哭了出来。相伴十年，最后只剩一个背影，这是这个故事最完美的结局。

• 作者：北汉清新的芥兰 发布时间：2008-09-28 22:28:00

  为什么要说叶老评得不对呢，观点没有对于错，关键看你的感悟，那当然，和叶老简直不能比的。

• 温柔而博大的海洋——蕾切尔·卡森

  作者：疯狂的拖拉机 发布时间：2019-12-05 23:55:33

  在今日，蕾切尔·卡森因《寂静的春天》而为广大读者熟知，不过，也正因其盛名，不少读者未留意到卡森早年创作的《围绕我们的海洋》等有关海洋的作品，对她的了解可能也还只局限于她的文字，而对其思想渊源和人生轨迹所知甚少。《更遥远的海岸：卡森传》一书为读者详细叙述了这位伟大女性的一生，使她的形象更清晰地呈现在我们面前。

  1907年，卡森出生于平凡的五口之家——除了父母，她还有哥哥、姐姐。这个家庭的经济条件并 不宽裕，甚至有些捉襟见肘，父亲没有固定工作，姐姐十八岁就出嫁，哥哥也早早加入空军，只有卡森完成了高中学业并进入宾夕法尼亚州女子学院就读，也正是在那里，卡森的人生轨迹发生了重要变化，并从此进入关于生物、环境的研究领域。

  卡森学业出众，多次获得奖学金，她在大学期间主要受到母亲和老师的影响。她的母亲常去学校看她，关心她的学业，一直鼓励和鞭策着她，她对卡森的关注在她同学看来，甚至到了“过分”的程度。但不论如何，卡森受到的积极影响是显著的：她既成为如饥似渴的读书人，也成为优秀的写作者。

  斯金克夫人对卡森的影响主要集中在专业方面。她不仅引导卡森走上生物学研究的道路，还建议她继续学习深造。在斯金克夫人的帮助下，卡森离她愿意终身为之奉献的事业——环境保护越来越近。

  毕业后，卡森进入“美国鱼类和野生动物局”工作，在工作中，卡森观测和接触到关于海洋的各项数据与知识，也萌生了写出海洋科普作品的想法。1951年，她推出了融合柔和优美与专业知识的《围绕我们的海洋》一书。此书一出，即登上《纽约时报》畅销书榜榜首，并持续在榜39周，还获得了“美国国家图书奖”，同时也开启了“亲切科普”的新道路。

  卡森的文字具有天然的亲和力和穿透力，这些特点让她成为能“讲好”故事的大家，并最终在《寂静的春天》出版后把她推向新的高峰。不过，卡森在引起人们对环境积极关注的同时，也受到了破坏环境者或与之利益攸关者的敌视与攻击。因为卡森唤起众人对DDT及其他有害化学制品的关注与抵制，所以这些化学品的生产、销售者对卡森恶语中伤，侮辱诽谤。但卡森报之以一贯的坦然与平静，因为所有的回答都在她的书中，而清醒的读者一眼就能看出真相所在。

  卡森的平静也有另一方面的原因，那就是写作和科普事业已几乎耗尽了她的生命。在写作《寂静的春天》期间，她多次生病，不得不暂停写作，而她又在成书的最后阶段查出癌症，但她最终坚持写完了这部作品。这部至今享誉全球的经典著作出版仅两年后，卡森因病去世，年仅57岁。

  卡森的病逝令人悲痛，记者回忆起她在生命尾声接受电视采访时的情景时，无一不为她的衰弱而难过，为她的坚强与淡然而感动。卡森的大半生都献给了她热爱海洋和环保事业，她笔下的海洋令人陶醉，亲和近人，而她的形象也正如她描绘的海洋，温柔而博大，永远围绕着我们的世界。

• 让人心疼的孩子

  作者：Sesha 发布时间：2011-09-13 10:26:54

  乐琦的妈妈去世了，爸爸不要她，她只能跟一个连监护人都还不是的法国“妈妈”生活在一起，能想象这个十岁的小女孩会多么惶恐吧。如果这个法国“妈妈”也抛弃她，她该怎么办呢？乐琦想阻止这件事的发生，她默默地做着小小的努力。

  最值得一提的是她想在硬土镇办个昆虫展览，为的是让布瑞琪为她骄傲，那样她就不会离开她了。为了办这个展览，她收集昆虫，做标本，写说明，而在布瑞琪看来，她的这些行为只是一个爱好昆虫的小孩的自娱自乐。

  我们通常不认为一个孩子会有多敏感，因此常常忽略他们的某些语言和行为，殊不知他们说的话做的事可能有着很重要的原因或者目的。

  布瑞琪是来自巴黎的时髦女郎，沙漠里这个小小的硬土镇跟她之前的生活环境简直相去甚远。因此她会有很多烦恼和抱怨，关于穷困，关于食物，关于沙暴，关于蛇。她会不由自主地说一些话做一些事来表达甚至发泄自己的不满。对她来说，这些抱怨再正常不过，但在乐琦看来，这些都是布瑞琪不喜欢硬土镇的表现，是硬土镇正渐渐把布瑞琪逼回法国的证明。所以乐琦要把自己打工挣来的钱给布瑞琪补贴家用，还像个小大人一样帮布瑞琪赶走恼人的蛇。她想通过自己的努力让布瑞琪爱上硬土镇，爱上她，从而留下来当她的妈妈。

  我们经常在孩子们面前毫不掩饰地表达自己的情绪，正面负面都有，我们觉得这是我们自己的事，但是孩子会看、会记住，这些小小的情绪会给他们的心灵带来我们无法想象的刺激。

  包括乐琦最后的离家出走，我想布瑞琪可能也不会完全理解，她也许会认为那是乐琦的负气行为。但是乐琦是想让她意识到她对乐琦的爱，让她意识到乐琦是个多么好的孩子，让她永远不想离开她。

  乐琦还做了最坏的打算，如果布瑞琪真的离她而去，她必须找到自己的神奇力量，自己度过难关。

  多么让人心疼的孩子啊。让人欣慰的是布瑞琪是个好妈妈，她没有离开乐琦。但我想乐琦的担忧并不会完全消失，因为她曾经被抛弃过，因为她只是个孩子，她没法掌控自己的命运。

  乐琦的家庭很特殊，但即使一个健全家庭里的孩子，也会有类似乐琦这样的小心思。他们会有被忽略、遭冷落、没有爱、没有朋友的感觉，这些感觉会通过一些行为表现出来，但通常情况下都被大人视而不见了。

  想起小时候爸妈有时吵架，我就会表现得很乖很懂事，爸妈也许以为是被他们吓的，可实际上我是想他们心情好一些，也许就不会吵架了。那种胆战心惊、小心翼翼，从来都不是美好的回忆。

  所以，看这本书最大的感触是，不要小看孩子，他们的敏感，他们的小心思，经常是我们无法想象的，努力去理解他们、呵护他们吧，别让我们的大意伤害了孩子。