Markets for technology 在线下载 pdf mobi 2025 epub 电子版

The past two decades have seen a gradual but noticeable change in the economic organization of innovative activity. Most firms used to integrate research and development with activities such as production, marketing, and distribution. Today firms are forming joint ventures, research and development alliances, licensing deals, and a variety of other outsourcing arrangements with universities, technology-based start-ups, and other established firms. In many industries, a division of innovative labor is emerging, with a substantial increase in the licensing of existing and prospective technologies. In short, technology and knowledge are becoming definable and tradable commodities.Although researchers have made significant advances in understanding the determinants and consequences of innovation, until recently they have paid little attention to how innovation functions as an economic process. This book examines the nature and workings of markets for intermediate technological inputs. It looks first at how industry structure, the nature of knowledge, and intellectual property rights facilitate the development of technology markets. It then examines the impacts of these markets on firm boundaries, the division of labor within the economy, industry structure, and economic growth. Finally, it examines the implications of this framework for public policy and corporate strategy. Combining theoretical perspectives from economics and management with empirical analysis, the book also draws on historical evidence and case studies to flesh out its research results.

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书籍介绍

The past two decades have seen a gradual but noticeable change in the economic organization of innovative activity. Most firms used to integrate research and development with activities such as production, marketing, and distribution. Today firms are forming joint ventures, research and development alliances, licensing deals, and a variety of other outsourcing arrangements with universities, technology-based start-ups, and other established firms. In many industries, a division of innovative labor is emerging, with a substantial increase in the licensing of existing and prospective technologies. In short, technology and knowledge are becoming definable and tradable commodities.Although researchers have made significant advances in understanding the determinants and consequences of innovation, until recently they have paid little attention to how innovation functions as an economic process. This book examines the nature and workings of markets for intermediate technological inputs. It looks first at how industry structure, the nature of knowledge, and intellectual property rights facilitate the development of technology markets. It then examines the impacts of these markets on firm boundaries, the division of labor within the economy, industry structure, and economic growth. Finally, it examines the implications of this framework for public policy and corporate strategy. Combining theoretical perspectives from economics and management with empirical analysis, the book also draws on historical evidence and case studies to flesh out its research results.

• 作者：Fiona和平 发布时间：2021-12-09 16:00:47

  把我笑的，娃都惊了

• 作者：Fal Conde 发布时间：2020-07-26 18:24:05

  练塘/朱家角/商塌/重固/淀山湖/福泉山/青龙镇遗迹/崧泽遗址。现今上海市境内最先成陆的区域，古文化遗址密集程度在该地区算得上是首屈一指。

• 作者：喵了个橗 发布时间：2021-10-11 18:59:29

  145千字，第一时间看完了。之前传闻的万里三人幸存的结局并不准确，还是低估了兰晓龙的心狠（不算剧透吧）。电影《长津湖》确实魔改了原著前2/3，希望下部《水门桥》能更忠于原著后1/3，尤其是结局。

• 作者：双一 发布时间：2024-02-10 14:18:17

  把精神退缩讲得挺透彻，但略有些啰嗦了，蛮喜欢俄狄浦斯那一篇，核心是这不是一个发展真相的故事，而且个隐瞒真相，对真相睁一只眼闭一只眼的故事。

• 作者：悟钝 发布时间：2021-05-22 15:09:20

  国士无双，袁老千古。他今天永远离开了我们。

• 作者：焚業燃燈 发布时间：2024-02-06 21:43:01

  符合阅读习惯。

• 摘下治疗师的神奇光环

  作者：苏格拉顶 发布时间：2008-12-27 23:22:02

• 雅俗共赏即在谈话之间

  作者：w @ m 发布时间：2018-10-02 12:36:34

  郭老的一本《郭论》陪你漫话明清，陪你笑谈中国俗世文化，言语间将人间百态握于方寸之间。

  曲高和寡，在我看来从来都不是一种有灵气的艺术。我觉得大艺术不单单是由所谓的高雅构成的，唯有融入世间各小人物的喜怒哀乐才算得上完整、有生命力。把故事用通俗易懂近乎拉家常的方式表达出来，也正是郭德纲特别之处——文化是没有公式。

  

  没怎么听过他的相声，但从《郭论》这本书的论俗章节就可以看出来，作者是个比较传统的人，准确点应该说郭老是个对中国文化有自信、有自己见解的人。而对于国外的一些风俗，骨子里还是带有排斥感的。他说外国人爱吃肉、外国人以打猎为生，而我们的祖先则是以耕种为生。

  然后还讲了饭桌上使筷子的讲究，先从老祖宗的八卦开始讲起，说是筷头是圆的姑且算是八卦里的“乾坤”，“乾”是天，所以往嘴里放，来印证了俗话所说的“民以食为天”。接着从主动一根为阳，从动一根为阴说到，阴阳互动且可变。又还说了拿筷子的手势，一般是三根手指，即天地人，三才之相……从简简单单的吃饭工具却衍生出了许多的道理。算不是过度解读，权且当是作者从两根筷子去解析华夏民族也行，作为读者的我从老郭谈论筷子说起各种吃饭事儿，倒是了解了很多和民俗相关的知识，还有介绍了关于吃海货的东西，讲了一些关于海货的吃法，吃货属性读者真的不容错过。

  

  接下来说一下书的第一章节《清君侧》。在郭德纲看来，所谓的“清君侧”，只是古往今来造反者的一块美好的遮羞布，目的是“君”，“侧”只是借口。

  书中介绍了四次清君侧，汉朝刘濞的七国之乱、唐朝安禄山的安史之乱、元朝的孛儿铁木尔、明朝朱棣。郭老详特别细讲了一下朱棣，可能在他看来只有朱棣是唯一比较圆满且顺利的“清君侧”。朱元璋的“皇明祖训”给朱棣创造了合适的借口，遂带兵讨伐以清理皇上身边的奸佞。可谓是“遮羞布”的最好诠释典例。在朱棣即将登上皇位前，也有坚守“食其禄，任其事”的所谓臣子打着一臣不侍二主的旗号，可那又如何？终究还不是无一言可乎！无论是君主还是臣子都是曲自遮蔽，以莎士比亚结局替这场清君侧画上了句号：前日事彼则忠于彼，今日事朕还当忠于朕啊。

  

  聪明不过江湖，伶俐不过帝王。还有许许多多的历史故事都展现了老郭的智慧、热血和真性情，彰显了他的人生态度，用他一贯的独特文化方式为观众讲述了更为温暖的故事。

  若你还想了解更多中国人的“忠”、“义”的历史故事，那么郭老的《郭论》真值得一读。慢火烹茶，让我们静静坐下来，悠闲地听郭德纲拾起明清文化、解读市井智慧、大话经典名著阐述中国式人性、人情、人心。