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• 作者：於陸 发布时间：2022-12-17 02:24:19

  1，才识俱属八十年代遗风。2，热情大于水平。

• 作者：补习者_DT 发布时间：2016-09-18 12:01:54

  这回要成行啊！！！

• 作者：鼠 发布时间：2018-09-12 13:25:45

  so so

• 作者：启风 发布时间：2022-06-18 19:40:14

  虽说是填补空白的著作，可毕竟只是老师带着七八个学生，写的一批硕士论文。就说钱币这一篇，作者没有参考考古报告，也没去博物馆看过实物，完全是从传世史料梳理十国钱币，导致出了不少低级纰漏，比如没写南唐铸造的篆书开元通宝、大段论述南唐铸行的铁钱（至今没有实物出土，基本可以肯定是文献误记），等等。

• 作者：Dali 发布时间：2023-07-20 17:58:53

  会让我笑的绘本，可可爱爱

• 作者：尼尼微的花园 发布时间：2015-09-21 14:10:18

  在办公室的书架上随手翻到，读了一半就去图书馆抱回一堆目录文献学相关的书。对目录学的演变进行分类梳理，论述清晰，虽然有些地方略显重复。适合我这种目录学小白进行入门学习。

• The Flip Side of Same Coin

  作者：songsing 发布时间：2010-03-01 15:38:20

  I used to be an extremist, I used not to ruminate the options I passed up, I used to reject to imagine how the alternative would have turned out and regret what I chose. But, something happened, and I was changed, and a real world paled in comparison to an imaginary world.

  Since then, I have been plagued by grief. Since then, I have had to live with the sting what I could have...if only.... Since then, I have been spinning far down a vicious spiral - negative emotions trigger regrets and countfactual thinking, regrets and countfactual thinking trigger more negative emotions. Sometimes I feel like being stuck in the deep state of misery which couldn't have been worse any more. It turns out even worse later on. Sometimes I feel paralysed by the acute pain and emptiness, not because of too much choices but because of the consequences of past choices. Sometimes I even wonder whether I am able to arrest the strong downward pull and make a amendment. Silver lining is such a mess-the total failure of my life-trigger my curiosity about the mechanism of human's decision-making.

  I had listened Schwartz's engaging TED talk before, I had searched his book for quite some time, finally I got it. Reading this book is to provide me an insightful study of choice, how we make decisions, what the flip sides of the coin of choice are, what's the price we must pay for abundant choices and what the tricks play in our satisfactions with the outcome of choices we made. It is persuasive and well-reasoned, it is thought-provoking. Inside it, there are some theories and research findings which I have also bumped into here and there. It is interesting to see how popular they are cross disciplines, and how ecomomics, behaviorism, psychology and sociology interconnect to each other.

  Beginning with his shopping experience, Schwartz raised one question: "Choice is essential to our autonomy, freedom and well-being, but, is it true that the more choices people have, the better off they are?" His answer is not necessarily. Throughout this book, He convincingly lays out the following arguments:

     1. We would be better off if we embraced certain voluntary constraints on our freedom of choice, instead of rebelling against them.

     2. We would be better off seeking what was “good enough” instead of seeking the best.

     3. We would be better off if we lowered our expectations about the results of decisions.

     4. We would be better off if the decisions we made were nonreversible.

     5. We would be better off if we paid less attention to what others around us were doing.

  We may all know well about the value of choice:

      * Instrumental value: It enables people to get what they need and want in life.

      * Expressive value: It enables us to tell the world who we are and what we care about.(Choices have expressive functions only to the extent that we can make them freely.)

      * Psychological value: It enables people to be actively and effectively engaged in the world

  However, we might not be aware that we are tyrannized by the bountiful choices in mordern society, that is, we are paying for the growth of options and opportunities at cost of:

      * Time

      * Effort

      * Psychological consequences

  So he coins the term "The tyranny of Choice". To make it understandable, he explains:

      * More choices means more trade-offs;

      * More choices means making mistakes more likely;

      * More choices make the psychological consequences of mistakes more severe;

      * More choices can entail more complications than it's worth.

      * More choices can occupy our attention and fuel our anxieties.

      * More choices subtly shift the responsibility from choices provider to decision makers. (This point is very insightful and I can't agree any more.)

  He reasons that choices are govern by memories and expectations, unfortunately, people is lacking of self-knowledge, neither our predictions about how we feel after an experience nor our memories of how we did feel during the experience are very accurate reflections of how we actually do feel while the experience is occurring. This is affected by:

      * Peak-End rule: what we remember about our past experiences is almost entirely determineded by two factors:

            o how the experiences felt when they were at their peak (best or worst)

            o how they felt when they ended.

            o e.x. intense pain + mild pain < intense pain; great pleasure + good pleasure < great pleasure.

      * Availability heuristic: assume that the more available some piece of imformation is to memory, the more frequently we must have encountered it in the past.The factors affect availability to memory:

            o frequency

            o salience/vividness

      * Adaptation: we get used to things, and then we start to take them for granted.

            o perceptual adaptation: decreased responsiveness to sights, sounds, odors, any given environmental event as the event persists.

            o hedonic adaptation: decreased “hedonic” or pleasure extent to an experience as it is experienced more and more

  Besides, people's decision-making is also influenced by:

      * The effect of framing(Prospect theory):

            o We prefer a small, sure gain to a larger uncertain one.

            o We will risk a large loss to avoid a smaller one. (Loss aversion)

      * Endowment Effect: Once something becomes part of your endowment, even after a very few minutes, giving it up will entail a loss.

  Then Schwartz talks about why and how we suffered from the problem of regret:

      * Two types of regret:

           1. Anticipated regret will make decisions harder to make

           2. postdecision regret will make them harder to enjoy

      * Factors affect the regret:

            o omission bias: a bias to downplay omissions (failures to act) when we evaluate the consequences of our decisions.

                  + in short run: we regret actions that don’t turn out well more than we regret failures to take actions that would have turned out well.

                  + in long run: The omission bias undergoes a reversal with respect to decisions made in the more distant past. That is, as time passes, what we’ve failed to do looms larger and larger than what we did.

            o “Nearness” effect: How close we come to achieving our desired result.

            o Responsibility: bad results make people regretful only if they bear responsibility.

            o Counterfactual thinking: thinking about the world as it isn’t, but might be or might have been, which will provide a never ending supply of raw material for experiencing regret. It establishs a contrast between a person’s actual experience and an imagined alternative.

                  + Upward counterfactuals:

                        # imagined states that are better than what actually happened

                        # it may inspire us to do better next time, but the flipside of it will diminish a sense of achievement.

                        # people easily produce upward counterfactuals when negative emotions triggered.

                  + Downward counterfactuals:

                        # imagined states that are worse.

                        # will engender not only a sense of satisfaction, but a sense of gratitude that things didn’t turn out worse.

                        # people rarely produce downward counterfactuals unless asked specifically to do so.

  He also identifies several other psychological processes that explain why added options do not make people better off: adaptation, missed opportunities, raised expectations, and comparison with others. In the end, he gives some recommendations, which I think a bit repetitive, but it can be viewed as a summary of his points.

  Among all his arguments, what I mostly agree with him is: The choice of when to be a chooser may be the most important choice we have to make.

• 以推理来重述童话，难免受《月光条例》影响

  作者：yasha001 发布时间：2023-11-23 15:44:34

  作者青柳碧人并不是第一个想到以重述民间故事或者童话来进行推理创作的小说家。早在2015年，日本NHK电视台就推出了名为《童话法庭》的系列短剧，其中也有《浦岛太郎》、《猿蟹合战》、《小红帽》等故事。如果再往前追溯，由《爱丽丝梦游仙境》改编的推理小说会更多以及成书更早（例如小林泰三2013年的《谋杀爱丽丝》）。

  而青柳碧人的作品能够一下子成为爆款，其原因一是不局限于原童话故事，前作就相当于是对于原童话故事的续写；二是在不同的篇目中套用了不同的推理小说模式，增加了读者的新鲜感；三是讨巧地使用了短篇连作集的形式，让本来没有关系的童话故事在细节处有了联动，使得整个系列的世界观统一了起来。这三个特点是我一开始所说的那些以童话故事为原型的推理作品所不具备的。

  

  书腰、外封、本体、书签和故事原型拉页

  如果我们把童话改编作的范围扩大到推理之外，那给予青柳碧人最大灵感的作品，我认为是漫画家藤田和日郎从2008年开始连载2014年完结的漫画《月光条例》。该作把世界上的童话全部融入到了同一个世界观中，而且不同童话故事中的特殊道具也可以在作品中由不同童话故事的角色使用，再加上对于童话原型人物的独特个性化改编，这些都可以在青柳碧人的童话改编系列中找到对应的内容。一句题外话，在我看来，《月光条例》是一部被严重低估的漫画，也是一部能够带来更多可能性的作品。

  本书是青柳碧人童话系列的第二作，可能因为某些原因，与日文版相比，书名出版的时候省略了“有尸体”三个字。但反过来看，现在中文版的译名更加有一种儿童读物一样的童话感，也更加有自己填空的趣味性。例如，很久很久以前，在某一个地方有童话/侦探/案件等等。

  与第一作相比，第二作抛弃了续写童话的创作思路，而是采用以全新的角度重写童话的方式来完成作品。和前作相比，重写童话的难度无疑是更加大的，这也可以看作是作者对自己的挑战。例如《竹取物语》的故事在保持了童话原型故事内容的同时，充分利用了原作中辉夜姬来自月亮的设定，为整个系列带来了重要的职业设定。《猿蟹合戦》这一篇还做到了在重述童话的同时，用非常现实性的解释完成了对原型真实性的解构，可以算是一种手记推理的变种。

  当然，也正是由于第二作中的故事不能脱离原作框架的限制，所以从推理小说的角度来看，本书的推理性受到了极大的弱化。还是以《竹取物语》为例，最后侦探找到真凶的方法可以说就是硬给的，因为从书中作为侦探的角色角度去看，所有的真相是一目了然的，反而只有读者被蒙在了鼓里。《第七次的饭团咕噜噜》中完全利用了时间轮回这一个设定来解决案件，这种近乎于作弊的推理手法，虽然和童话契合了，但却让很多想看到更加精彩的推理过程的读者有一点失望。

  从整体上考虑，第二作的推理性没有前作强，但是更加接近于童话本身的写作法让趣味性得到了提升，而且不再拘泥于推理小说模式，让作者的自由发挥性更高。这可能反而是有一些读者认为本作不如前作的原因之一。

  而作为中国读者来说，虽然中文版很贴心地把童话原型告知了读者，但由于这些日本民间童话故事现在国内的传播度不高，导致很多读者对原型和本作中的差异感觉并不那么明显，也就无法体会到差异化带来的阅读趣味性。这一点也是颇为可惜的地方。

  青柳碧人的童话改编系列还有一部世界童话名著没有引进，该书中收录的童话包括《小红帽》《糖果屋》《灰姑娘》《睡美人》，这些都较日本民间童话更广为人知，希望待引进时能够让更多人喜欢上这个系列。